Hobbes, Conatus and the Prisoners Dilemma :: Philosophy Essays

Hobbes, Conatus and the Prisoners DilemmaABSTRACT I want to show the importance of the notion of conatus (endeavor) for Hobbes political philosophy. gibe to Hobbes, all query of bodies consists of elementary efforts he called endeavors. They are motions made in less space and time than can be given, and they obey the law of persistence or inertia. A body strives to preserve its state and resist the causal power of other bodies. I call this the conatus-principle. Hobbes argument for social contract and sovereign is base essentially on this model. He proves that the natural conatus makes people (i) strive to preserve their lives and therefore to get out of the destructive state of nature (ii) commit to correlative contracts (iii) keep the contracts unless some external cause otherwise determines and (iv) establish a permanent sovereign power that Hobbes calls an artificial eternity of life. All this is determined by the fundamental laws of nature, essentially, by the conatus-princ iple. I also show that the Prisoners Dilemma interpretation of the Hobbesian state of nature does not represent all of the essential features of Hobbes argument. I. Conatus and MotionPhilosophers in the 17th century made hard efforts to explain the beginning and continuation of the motion of bodies. The notion of conatus (striving or endeavoring) was commonly used in the explanations. It refers to the power with which the motion of a body begins and is kept on.What is this power? Descartes explained it to be an active power or design of bodies to move, expressing the power of God. He distinguished between motion and the tendency to move, but Hobbes was anxious to argue that conatus actually is motion. In The Elements of Law he says it to be the internal beginning of animal motion (EL I.7.2), and in his later writings the notion of endeavor refers to the beginning or first part of any kind of motion. Because motion is for Hobbes a continual relinquishing of one place, and acquiring of another (De tummy II.8.10), the beginning of a motion of a body must be an infinitely small change in the place of the body. Accordingly, Hobbes defines endeavor to be motion made in less space and time than can be given ... that is, motion made through the length of a point, and in an flashing or point of time (De Corp III.15.2).For Hobbes, the conatus is not an inherent power of a body but is determined by the motions of other bodies.

Frost - The Road Not Taken :: essays research papers

FROST- The Road Not Taken"Do not follow where the passage may lead... Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail." -Robert FrostEvery oneness is a traveler, choosing the roads to follow on the map of their continuous journey, life. There is never a straight path that leaves one with but a sole direction in which to head. Regard little of the original message that Robert Frost had intended to convey, his meter, "The Road Not Taken", has left its readers with legion(predicate) different interpretations. It is ones past, present and the attitude with which he looks upon his future that determines the shade of the light that he will see the poem in. In any case however, this poem clearly demonstrates Frosts belief that it is the road that one chooses that makes him the man who he is."And sorry I could not travel both..." It is always difficult to make a ending because it is impossible not to wonder about theopportunity cost, what will be missed out o n. There is a strong sense of regret onwards the choice is even make and it lies in the knowledge that in one lifetime, it is impossible to travel down every path. In an attempt to make a decision, the traveler "looks down one as far as I could". The road that will be chosen leads to the unknown, as does any choice in life. As much he may strain his eyes to see as far the road stretches, eventually it surpasses his vision and he can never see where it is going to lead. It is the way that he chooses here that sets him off on his journey and decides where he is going."Then took the other, just as fair, and having perhaps the better claim." What made it have the better claim is that "it was grassyand necessityed wear." It was something that was obviously not for everyone because it seemed that the majority of people took the other path therefore he calls it "the road less travelled by". The fact that the traveler took this path over the more popular, s ecure one indicates the type of personality he has, one that does not want to necessarily follow the crowd but do more of what has never been done, what is new and different."And both that morning equally lay in leaves no spirit had trodden

A Short History of Reproductive Politics in America Essay -- health, pr

Abortion refers to a medical procedure which at times is surgical, that is use to break off an ongoing pregnancy by expulsion of the placenta and the fetus before it is mature or viable. There are several reasons why abortion may be procured. Some reasons could be personal in the case of a pregnancy that was not planned for, others could be medical. Medical reasons could be a wide slog but focusing on the health of the mother or the baby. If carrying a pregnancy to term would affect the health of the mother either physically or mentally an abortion would be recommended (Solinger 2005).cited with MLA styles When abortion is done in consideration to the health of the unborn child it is when its determined that the child could have terrific mental or physical disabilities. The mode and means undertaken to perform the process depend on how advanced the pregnancy is, the safety and also in many cases the legality. Abortion has been performed for long periods of time and has been passed over the generations. The methods used have evolved over these generations with some proving calamitous and others working like they had been expected to. In recent times, abortion can be performed safely due to numerous advances in technology and in medicine. Before 1973 abortion was not legal in the U.S and various methods were used in procuring abortions. Some of these were crude in every sense and were performed in back-alleys either, by medical professionals or by crooks (Solinger 2005). Many a time, they proved fatal to the young women who sought them and resulted in death. Some died of the abortion procedure itself while many more died of infections after the procedure. As a result, many women struggled to keep abortions a secret due to its i... ...urces. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. .Blake, J.. Abortion And Public Opinion The 1960-1970 Decade. Science 171.3971 (1971) 540-549. Print.Halfmann, Drew. Historical Priorities And The Responses Of Doctors Association s To Abortion Reform Proposals In Britain And The United States, 1960-1973. Social Problems 50.4 (2003) 567-591. Print.Hull, N. E. H., and Peter Charles Hoffer.Roe v. walk the abortion rights controversy in American history. Lawrence, Kan. University Press of Kansas, 2001. Print.Williams, Mary E.. Abortion opposing viewpoints. San Diego, Calif. Greenhaven Press, 2002. Print.Brown, James. Study findings from Linkoping University broaden understanding of induced abortion.. New York Times 22 Apr. 2010 45-47. Print. Alphabetize and indent all 2nd, 3rd of citation Italicize tittle of books

Themes of Hope and Failure in The Awakening and The Outcasts of Poker F

To Fail or not to FailThe characters of Edna, Mr. Oakhurst, The Innocent, Piney, Mother Shipton, and The Duchess all face different forms of failure in their respective stories, The Awakening and The Outcasts of Poker Flat. Each character has a unique response to failure round bend, while others break. Though at times plurality fall short of their goals, it is not necessarily the human lot to try and fail sometimes tidy sum make the choice to fail by losing hope, or by vie allureg death as failure, or by having a negative outlook on life, but it is essentially they themselves who allow the failure- it all stems from the persons perspective and individual choices. Even though humans dont always get through in their endeavors, humans are not predestined to fail.Hope is arguably the one affair that lapses humans moving forward. Without it, there is no motivation, no spring to wake up in the morning. When the great unwashed start to lose hope, they start to lose a part of themselv es, and are driven toward despair. In The Awakening, the protagonist, Edna, says everywhere and over again how despondent she is, which leads to her eventual suicide. It has been said that There is no failure except in no longer trying, and sadly, Edna gave into despair and lost the will to keep going. She felt as though life was no longer worth the effort, and decided death would be better than living a lie. And yet, theres always more than one door to take. Edna didnt search for other options- for her, it was either be untrue to her feelings, live without Robert, or death. She was too strong to dismantle the first, but too weak toconsider the second she was awakened to her feelings, but blind to alternatives. Dorothy Thompson once said, Courage, it would se... ...e Billys failure to do the right thing probably wasnt much of a failure to him. Perspective defines failure, not some outside wad.What exactly is failure? It is, according to the dictionary, Lack of success. Many pe ople say that failure isnt the falling down, but the staying down. But who are we to say? Lack of hope, the thought that death and failure are one and the same, and a pessimistic outlook on life can cause someone to fail, but thankfully not everyone falls victim to these. Failure is always controversial, because people view things and events differently. As Elaine Maxewell once said, My will shall shape the future. Whether I fail or succeed shall be no mans doing but my own. I am the force I can clear any obstacle before me or I can be lost in the maze. My choice my responsibility win or lose, only I hold the key to my destiny.

Explain Why Cultural Diversity Is Important In A College Education :: essays research papers

Explain Why Cultural Diversity Is Important In A College EducationI come from a small town. Hannibal, MO, the boyhood home of Mark Twain,is described its claim to fame as a sleepy town drowsing. Most certainly he hasnever been more accurate, for this small enchanted river town has never awakenedtotal equality.It is a town full of ignorance, where nobody has ever conception twice ofsharing and spreading their sly comments and idiotic judgements to any iodin andeveryone who will listen, and most people do. It is a town where fathers,mothers, brothers, sisters, and grandparents teach their kids to ignore thoseno-good niggers, stay out-of-door from those half-breeds and give hell to anyone nigger-l all over who refuses to believe the truth. It sickens me.Last year, we had an issue to address at our school. It later becameknown as The Cowboys vs. The Blacks, and never has our school been moreinvolved. The newspapers screamed of the hate, violence, and threat of gangsthat were dirty ou r schools the halls rang with the lastest gossip on thenext big showdown. This problem slapped a school full of apathetic kids into alively bunch ready to get involved. snarled in what? A controversy that allhad opinions on, but how could you non have an opinion? It was the talk at allof the dinner tables, bars, and stores in town. Kids went home excite of theracial tension. Parents whined and cried of violence in the school.The parents whined and cried, and at the same time forgot to rememberthat it was they, not the kids, who had taught the very prejudices that were disrupting the education process. My opinion is simple and elementaryChildren are not born to hate others, they must be taught to judge colors. Ifwe are taught prejudices, then obviously, the racial tensions at my schooldidnt disrupt education, rather enforced lessons often reviewed over friedchicken and potatoes.I cried once in my sophomore history class. The girl in front of me sangand preached that life was just that way, no one could ever change anything, sowhy should we even try? Prejudice is taught in the home, and the home is wherewe learn everything we really need to know. I listened, fumed, and stood up to breach her. (I rarely frown, let alone yell, but I had had enough of herpessimism. All eyes and ears were on me, and as my dramatic nature began toinfluence me, I started to preach.)I have a theory.

Explain Why Cultural Diversity Is Important In A College Education :: essays research papers

Explain Why Cultural Diversity Is Important In A College EducationI come from a nice town. Hannibal, MO, the boyhood home of Mark Twain,is described its claim to fame as a sleepy town drowsing. Most surely he hasnever been more accurate, for this sm exclusively enchanted river town has never awakenedtotal equality.It is a town full of ignorance, where nobody has ever thought twice ofsharing and spreading their satiny comments and idiotic judgements to anyone andeveryone who will listen, and most people do. It is a town where fathers,mothers, brothers, sisters, and grandparents teach their kids to ignore thoseno-good niggers, stay away from those half-breeds and give hell to anyone nigger-lover who refuses to believe the truth. It sickens me. stopping point year, we had an issue to address at our school. It later becameknown as The Cowboys vs. The Blacks, and never has our school been moreinvolved. The newspapers screamed of the hate, violence, and threat of gangsthat were corrupti ng our schools the halls rang with the lastest gossip on thenext huge showdown. This problem slapped a school full of apathetic kids into alively bunch ready to get involved. Involved in what? A controversy that allhad opinions on, tho how could you not have an opinion? It was the talk at allof the dinner tables, bars, and stores in town. Kids went home scared of theracial tension. Parents whined and cried of violence in the school.The parents whined and cried, and at the same time forgot to rememberthat it was they, not the kids, who had taught the very prejudices that were disrupting the education process. My opinion is simple and elementaryChildren are not born to hate others, they must be taught to judge colors. Ifwe are taught prejudices, then obviously, the racial tensions at my schooldidnt disrupt education, rather enforced lessons often reviewed over friedchicken and potatoes.I cried at once in my sophomore history class. The girl in front of me sangand preached that life was just that way, no one could ever change anything, sowhy should we even try? Prejudice is taught in the home, and the home is wherewe learn everything we really need to know. I listened, fumed, and stood up tointerrupt her. (I rarely frown, let alone yell, but I had had enough of herpessimism. All eyes and ears were on me, and as my dramatic nature began toinfluence me, I started to preach.)I have a theory.

Discrimination Essay

Discrimination Is Expensive, Inclusion Is ProfitOn April 20th, 2001, the U.S. Equal Employment luck Commission (EEOC) settled a $2.44 million law suit against the University of Incarnate Word (UIW) due to the misuse of an English-Only rule. In Texas, the 18 Hispanic naturaliseers who were involved in the class action suit testified to being harassed and bullied over ten years. Their crime deserving of pervasive harassment was speaking Spanish on breaks and during lunch. The EEOC does what it fucking to limit the harm and misuse of the English-Only policies, just now still to this day oral communication discrimination slipperinesss argon prevalent. The number of English-Only charges that were filed with the EEOC perk up increased by 500% since 1991(EEOC). Is the English-Only policy flawed, or are companies in the States simply not paying enough attention to their employees? In order to dilute language discrimination, Ameri flush toilet companies motive to understand the impor tance of their multilingual employees native language, and focus on the benefits that language diversity push aside provide. In order to understand how and why companies can lend oneself English-Only laws, we must examine the regulations set by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) regarding this law. First of each(prenominal), can employers restrict their employees to speak English at a workplace or must they allow them to speak their native tongue? As with may other legal question this one does not have a simple answer. There are many factors that contribute to the creation of an English-Only rule at a workplace. As stated in the Code of national Regulations, Title 29, Section 1606.7, English-Only rules cannot be applied in order to discriminate (EEOC). If there is an English-Only rule at a workplace it must apply to all employees and cannot directly target a minority group*. There are a few exceptions of when an English-Only rule can be justified for communication with guests and superiors, in emergencies when a common language is needed, and for cooperative work assignments (Forbes). In essence the EEOC attempts to make it very difficult for companies to create such rules unless there is irrefutable grounds that such a rule is needed. Even with such restrictive regulations, why are there so many complaints filed with the EEOC that are caused directly or indirectly by English-Only rules? Despite the close monitoring of such rules, employees in companies with English-Only rules appear to be misusing them to discriminating minorities. Once such case of the rule being utilizeto discriminate a minority happened at Delano Regional Medical Center. Supervisors, staff, and even volunteers were allegedly encouraged to act as vigilantes, constantly berating and reprimanding Filipino-the Statesn employees for nearly sise years (DRMC)***. The Filipino nurses were harassed even during breaks, told to speak English, even though the EEOC regulations cl early state that such actions are not allowed. Besides being verbally abused and threatened some were even physically assaulted. After the case was settled the medical center payed out $975,000. In a similar case the University of Incarnate Word (UIW) payed out a $2.44 million settlement for targeting and discriminating their Hispanic staff (UIW)***. Such cases should alert companies and organizations of the importance of regulating language equation among their staff. Perhaps the reason that cases of language discrimination keep occurring is because many English speaking Americans do not realize how important a native language is to an immigrant.Language is an identity, it defines who we are. Even within a single country a different dialect can define a person. Most people can tell that a person grew up in Boston, or Texas, or California without even seeing the person, simply by the way they talk. If New-yorkers can be proud of their New York accent, why cant immigrants be proud o r their native language? Our language, accent, and dialect is as practically a part of our identity as physical appearance or the color of our skin. Compared to other countries America does not place a big emphasis on learning unknown languages in its school system. Because English is the most diverse language in the world, kids are not taught to value and appreciate other languages. By reason the struggles of the double lives that immigrants must lead, *it will be easier to see why they put so much emphasis on preserving their native language. No one understands the struggles of absorb into a new culture more than Chang-rae lee side, who describes the hardships his mother while learning English, in his essay Mute in an English-Only World. He talks nigh how much his mother struggled with even simple, every day activities, only because she did not know English. Lee describes how his other could be fiery, stern, deeply funny, and ironic when she spoke Korean, but in English less so. Some of her identity was stripped away by a new language, she was not the same confident and proud women when she was labored to speak an foreign tongue. No law or rule should be able to strip a person identity byforcing them to speak a language foreign to them. Some might argue that there is nothing wrong with the English-Only rules implemented in American companies. Immigrants should speak only English at work because they live in America, and in America we speak English. Yes, those claims do carry validity and those who immigrate to the United States should learn English, but should it be so strictly enforced? Ofcourse employees must be able to communicate with with coworkers and superiors, but should they be punished and abused while they learn the language? No, it is unfair and unconstitutional. America is not a county were one can simply live forward the land and not have to work. Although there are programs such as upbeat which provide financial support for immigrants , they are not enough to fully support a family without supplementary income.As it already stands, most Americans oppose the pertly proposed work requirement waiver. This means that you are required to maintain a job in order to receive benefits such as Welfare (Standard). kind of of encouraging non-English speaking immigrants to work and support themselves, English-Only laws only intimidate and hinder immigrants and further increase resentment towards them. Instead of scaring off potential employees with English-Only laws, companies should encourage immigrants to work for them in order to gain the many benefits they can provide. Encouraging immigrants to work will reduce unemployment, reducing unemployment improves the economy, and a bankrupt economy increases business success. By providing a better atmosphere for immigrant workers in the workplace, companies can create customers. non only can the immigrants themselves become customers, they can also attract others. In his essa y, Lee talks about a trip to a deli with this mother. After finally mustering the courage to visit this deli, Lees mother was scared off by the shop keeper who could not understand her Korean. After his mother said soggori the butcher looked as if my mother had put something sour in his mouth, and he glanced back at the lighted board and called the next number (Lee). The deli owner lost her business and the profit that came with it. It might have gone much differently if he had a Korean worker that could help Lees mother out. As an immigrant myself, I can relate to Lees story. As I walk to school everyday I pass by a bakery, there is nothing special about it, nothing that stands out. For a few weeks I walked past the bakery with no intention to go at bottom, until one day.On one Tuesday morning as I waswalking my design route I heard someone speaking Russian, when I turned to see who it was I that it was two employees of the bakery. Exited to hear my native tongue I came inside t he bakery and introduced myself. After talking to them for fifteen minutes or so they recommended some good for me to try from the bakery. Ever since that day I always deterrent by that bakery to see my fellow comrades and buy an item or two. After talking to them I found out that they had just recently arrived to America and spoke very little English. They were hired at the deli despite not knowing English, because the owner valued their skill and did not have an English-Only policy. Not only were they able to be productive members of society and provide for themselves, but they were able to quickly learned English at the friendly workplace. The bakery owner gained a loyal customer because chose to focus on the benefits of immigrant employees. All companies want the maximum potential customer base. Immigrant and bilingual employees with invite new demographics of customers, increasing customer base. Companies need immigrant and bilingual employees. In conclusion American companies will increase their income potential and reduce discrimination among employees if they get rid of their English-Only policies. No one benefits from enforcing these hold rules. The minority group(s) upon who these rules are enforced are being stripped of their freedom of speech. Language is part of a persons identity and should not be silenced. Not only does the law target minority groups who are already struggling to assimilate into a new culture, but it also promotes further segregation. As in one of the examples, workers openly harassed their coworkers, backed by a discriminative English-Only rule at Delano Regional Medical Center. Not only are English-Only rules at a workplace a violation of the basic human freedom, they are very costly to companies. The negative publicity created by such cases can have an even more devastating effect on companies than the millions of dollars they must pay out to settle the case. English-Only policies create a hostile workplace environment, red uce employee moral, promote discrimination, and reflect very poorly on the name of the company, while removing such policies will increase customer base and create an overall better economy therefore, American companies should eliminate English-Only policies

Protecting staff through legislation Essay

Understand how equal pay and minimum wage laws affect businessUnderstand the laws against discrimination at work and during recruitmentUnderstand role rights of workersUnderstand health and safety lawsA minority of small businesses will treat staff unfairly to protect them is the legislation be active.Equal Pay Act Created in 1970 the equal pay act means a person of a different sex cannot be paid less simply because they be a girl/boy. An example of this is football premiership football players get paid well over 500,000 yet the players on the girls team altogether get paid a fraction of it. If the owner of a company is doing this he/she would be breaking the laws.Minimum Wage Act Only implemented 11 years ago, the minimum wage act was made as many companies were taking advantage of people needing jobs and paying them a tiny add together of money.Discrimination Legislation First introduced in 1976 and then again in 1996 the discrimination act prevents candidates skin colours, backgrounds, religions or even disabilities to be a doer in the owner deciding weather he/she gets the job.Employment Rights To give employees the right to take sick pay, maternity/paternity leave and holidays.Health And preventive Acts The right to be safe in the working environment. If this was not a law then if someone is injured for example because someone forgot to wipe piddle off a keyboard after spilling water onto it and it giving the employee an electric shock then the company could get away with it and blame the employee.Legislation acts are laws enforced by the government. Without them there would be complete kayos. Companies would immediately cut costs and thousands of people would suffer. For example if a company could get a hold of a person to do something for 1 an hour when they are currently paying 6 an hour they would happily take the other person onboard.

Asi Questions Essay

The Interview Format Does It Have to be an Interview? This is perhaps the more or less a great deal asked question regarding the ASI. In the search for faster and easier methods of collecting data many clinicians and researchers drop asked for a self-administered (either by computer or paper and pencil) version of the instrumental role. We stomach non sanctioned the manipulation of a self-administered version for several reasons. First, we have tested the reliability and rigor of the severity ratings by having raters use just the instruction that has been collected on the form without the interview. This has resulted in very poor estimates of chore severity and essentially no concurrent reliability. Second, we have been sensitive to problems of illiteracy among segments of the mental object ab utilize population. Even among the literate thither argon problems of attention, interest and comprehension that are especially relevant to this population. Finally, since the ins trument is often used as part of the sign clinical evaluation, it has been our philosophy that it is of the essence(predicate) to have interpersonal contact for at least one part of that initial evaluation.We see this as simply cosmos polite and supportive to a patient with problems. We have seen no convincing demonstration that the interview format produces worse (less reliable or sound) information than different methods of administration and we have found that particularly among some segments of the sum total abusing population (eg. the psychiatrically ill, elderly, confused and physically sick) the interview format may be the only possible method for insuring understanding of the questions asked. Particularly in the clinical situation, the general demeanor or feel of a patient is poorly captured without person-to-person contact and this tin be an important redundant source of information for clinical staff. thither are of course many reusable, valid and reliable self- administered instruments appropriate for the gist hollo population. For example, we have routinely used selfadministered questionnaires and other instruments with very satisfactory results (eg. Beck Depression Inventory, MAST, SCL-90, etc.) hardly these are usually very focussed instruments that have achieved validity and accord by asking numerous questions related to a single theme (eg. depression, alcohol abuse, etc.).The ASI is purposely broadly focussed for the purposes outlined above, and we have not been winning in creating a viable self-administered instrument that can efficiently collect the range of information sought by the ASI. Thus, it should be clear that at this theme there is no reliable or valid version of the ASI that is self-administered and there is currently no plan for developing this format for the instrument. We would of course be persuaded by comparative data from a reliable, valid and useful self-administered version of the ASI and this is an circulat e invitation to interested parties. Role of the Interviewer What are the qualifications needed for an ASI interviewer? Having indicated the importance of the interview process it follows that the approximately important part of the ASI is the interviewer who collects the information. The interviewer is not simply the recorder of a series of subjective statements.The interviewer is responsible for the integrity of the information collected and mustiness be voluntary to repeat, paraphrase and probe until he/she is satisfied that the patient understands the question and that the answer reflects the best judgment of the patient, consistent with the intent of the question. It must be emphasized that the interviewer must understand the intent of each question. This is very important since despite the range of situations and unusual answers that we have described in the manual, a new exception or previously unheard of situation occurs virtually each week. Thus, ASI interviewers should not expect to find answers in the workbook to all of the unusual situations that they will encounter in using the ASI. Instead it will be critical for the interviewer to understand the intent of the question, to probe for the most complete information available from the patient and then to record the most appropriate answer, including a comment.There is a very basic set of personal qualities necessary for becoming a proficient interviewer. First, the prospective interviewer must be personable and supportive capable of forming good rapport with a range of patients who may be difficult. It is no secret that many individuals have negative feelings closely substance abusers and these feelings are revealed to the patients very quickly, thereby compromising any form of rapport. Second, the interviewer must be able to help the patient separate the problem areas and to watch them individually using the questions provided. Equally important qualities in the prospective interviewer are the basic intelligence to understand the intent of the questions in the interview and the commitment to collecting the information in a responsible manner. There are no clear-cut educational or background characteristics that have been reliably associated with the ability to carry through a proficient ASI interview.We have trained a wide range of people to administer the ASI, including receptionists, college students, police/probation officers, physicians, professional interviewers and even a research psychologist There have been people from each of these groups who were simply unsuited to performing interviews and were excluded during training (perhaps 10% of all those trained) or on subsequent reliability checks. Reasons for exclusion were usually because they simply couldnt form reasonable rapport with the patients, they were not sensitive to lack of understanding or distrust in the patient, they were not able to efficaciously probe initially confused answers with supplemental cla rifying questions or they simply didnt agree with the approach of the ASI (examining problems individually rather than as a plump of substance abuse). With regard to assisting the interviewer in checking for understanding and consistency during the interview, there are many reliability checks built into the ASI. They are discussed in some detail in the workbook and they have been used effectively to insure the quality and consistency of the collected data.Severity Ratings How important and useful are they? It is noteworthy that the severity ratings were historically the rifle items to be included on the ASI. They were considered to be interesting but non-essential items that were a summary convenience for people who wished a quick general profile of a patients problem status. They were only provided for clinical convenience and never intended for research use. It was surprising and interesting for us to find that when interviewers were trained comparably and appropriately, these severity estimates were reliable and valid across a range of patient types and interviewer types. Further, they remain a useful clinical summary that we continue to use regularly but only for initial treatment planning and referral.A Note on Severity It should be noted that much of the reason for the reliability and validity of these severity ratings is the structured interview format and the strict (some would say arbitrary) definition of severity that we have adopted ie.need for additional treatment. Many users of the ASI have selected the instrument exclusively for research purposes and these ratings have never been used for this purpose especially as outcome measures. Other users do not agree with our definition of severity. notwithstanding others do not have the time or inclination to check and recheck severity estimates among their various interviewers. For all of these potential users the severity ratings would not be useful or worth the investment of man-hours required to train reliability. Even for those with primary clinical uses, these ratings are not essential and are perhaps the most under fire(predicate) of all the ASI items to the influences of poor interviewing skills, patient misrepresentation or lack of comprehension and even the surroundings under which the interview is conducted.Therefore, it is entirely acceptable to train ASI interviewers and to use the ASI without referral to the severity ratings. Composite Scores What are they for, why were they constructed this way and what are the norms? Users familiar with earlier editions of the ASI know there is a separate manual knowing to describe their use and to show how to calculate them (See Composite Scores from the habituation Severity Index McGahan et al. 1986). The composite scores have been developed from combinations of items in each problem area that are capable of showing mixture (ie. based on the prior thirty day period, not lifetime) and that offer the most internally con sistent estimate of problem status.The complicated formulas used in the calculation of these composites are necessary to insure equal weighting of all items in the composite. These composites have been very useful to researchers as mathematically sound measures of change in problem status but have had almost no value to clinicians as indications of current status in a problem area. This is due to the failure on our part to develop and publish normative values for representative groups of substance abuse patients (eg. methadone maintained males, cocaine dependent females in drug free treatment, etc.). At the risk of being defensive, our primary interest was measuring change among our local patients and not comparing the current problem status of various patient groups across the country. Further, we simply did not foresee the range of interest that has been shown in the instrument. A Note on Norms for the Composite Scores At this writing, we are collecting ASI data from a variety of patient samples across the country.These samples will be used to convert the composite raw scores into T-scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 (as MMPI and SCL-90 scores are presented). Our aspiration is to publish these normative data and to circulate copies of the tables to all individuals who have sent to us for ASI packets. We will also provide programs written in Basic, Lotus 123 or Excelto calculate these composite scores and to convert existing composite scores into Tscores. In this way we hope to make up for the lack of standardization that has been a problem with the composite scores to this time. Appropriate Populations Can I use the ASI with samples of sum of money Abusing Prisoners or Psychiatrically Ill Substance Abusers? Because the ASI has been shown to be reliable and valid among substance abusers applying for treatment, many workers in related fields have used the ASI with substance abusing samples from their populations.For example, the ASI h as been used at the time of incarceration and/or parole/probation to tax substance abuse and other problems in criminal populations. In addition, because of the widespread substance abuse among mentally ill and homeless populations, the ASI has also been used among these groups. man we have collaborated with many workers on the use of the instrument with these populations it should be clear that there are no reliability or validity studies of the instrument in these populations. This of course does not mean that the ASI is necessarily invalid with these groups, only that its test parameters have not been established.In fact, workers from these fields have turned to the ASI because they felt that no other suitable instrument was available. In cases where this is true, it is likely that the ASI would be a better choice than creating a totally new instrument. However, it is important to note luck that are likely to reduce the value of data from the ASI among these groups. For exampl e, when used with a treatment seeking sample and an independent, trained interviewer, there is less reason for a potential substance abuser to misrepresent (even under these circumstances it still happens). In circumstances where individuals are being evaluated for probation/parole or jail there is obviously much more likelihood of misrepresentation. Similarly, when the ASI is used with psychiatrically ill substance abusers who are not necessarily seeking (and possibly avoiding) treatment, there is often reason to suspect denial, confusion and misrepresentation. Again, there is currently no suitable alternative instrument or procedure available that will insure valid, accurate responses under these conditions. The consistency checks built into the ASI may even be of some benefit in these circumstances. However, it is important to realize the limits of the instrument.Regardless, systematic tests of the reliability and validity of the ASI in populations of substance abusers within the criminal justice system and within the mental health system are necessary but have not been done and this is an open invitation to interested parties. A Special Note on Adolescent Populations Despite the fact that we have repeatedly published warnings for potential users of the ASI regarding the lack of reliability, validity and utility of the instrument with adolescent populations there remain instances where the ASI has been used in this inappropriate manner. Again, the ASI is not appropriate for adolescents due to its underlying assumptions regarding self-sufficiency and because it simply does not embrace issues (eg. school, peer relations, family problems from the perspective of the adolescent, etc.) that are critical to an evaluation of adolescent problems.At this writing, there are two versions of the ASI that have been developed for adolescent populations and have shown at least initial evidence of reliability and validity in this population. A third instrument is not in the same format as the ASI but has shown excellent reliability and validity. Interested readers may contact these individuals directly for more information about these instruments. Kathy Meyers, Research Department, Carrier Foundation, Belle Meade, New Jersey Carrier Addiction Severity Index or Yifrah Kaminer, Adolescent Chemical Dependency Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Teen Addiction Severity Index or Al Friedman, Adolescent Substance Abuse Program, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia Psychiatric Center, Phila., Pa. Adolescent Drug and Alcohol Diagnostic Assessment ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR THE ASI Can I ask additional questions and/or offset some of the current items?As indicated above, the ASI was designed to capture the minimum information necessary to evaluate the nature and severity of patients treatment problems at treatment entrance and at follow-up. For this reason, we have always encouraged the addition of particular que stions and/or additional instruments in the course of evaluating patients. In our own work we have routinely used the MAST, an AIDS questionnaire, additional family background questions and some self-administered psychological tests. We do not endorse the elimination or substitution of items currently on the ASI. Again, the ASI items (regardless of whether they are good or bad for particular individual needs) have been tested for reliability and validity as individual items and as part of the composite and/or severity scores. The elimination or substitution of existing items could significantly reduce the reliability and comparability of these ASI scores.It is possible to eliminate whole sections (problem areas) of the ASI if particular problems are not applicable for specific populations or the focus of specific treatment interventions. In the current version of the ASI and in this workbook, we have included a set of additional items and instruments that have been developed by us a nd others over the past ten years, to add information in areas that are now inadequately covered by the existing ASI questions. The items themselves are presented on the latest version of the form (See Appendix 1) and the specific instructions for asking these questions and for interpreting the answers are discussed in each of the problem areas in the Specific Instructions part of the workbook. It should be clear that we have not used these items in the calculation of the composite scores or in the determination of severity estimates.Obviously,the use of additional information for these purposes would alter the reliability and validity of the ASI and reduce the comparability of the resulting scores across sites and time points. Thus it is important to stress that the use of earlier ASI versions will still provide comparable data on the composite scores and on the majority of items, since they have not been changed or eliminated, only supplemented in the current version. In addition to these items, there has also been significant work over the past ten years in the development of general and specialized information collection interviews and questionnaires for substance abusers. Some of these instruments bear special note in that they can be used sort of of or in addition to the ASI to provide enhanced or specialized information. Some of the more widely used and better validated instruments are presented under but the interested reader is advised to consult the tests and measurements literature for additional information.

When the Levees Broke

The hurri elicite Katrina is considered one among the greatest mishap that crossed America after the new millenary but the world was not much in awe upon hearing that significant news where thousands are left homeless and needed to be rescued. The media counterbalance snoots why the president didnt passed by the disaster area when he was bound for India. By glancing at mod Orleans pre and post hurricane images, one can easily decipher how great the sensible wrongfulness incurred by the disaster.For instance the New Orleans playground of which the lines and images are almost erased, the lines that delineates its physical make-up is no longer vivid which shows that the severalise physical structures were hard damaged (Military). The cities were 80% submerged in water when the levees broke and making it the deadliest hurricane since 1928. After the levees broke, the press commented that Hurricane Katrina has vex an end to the annual celebration of the S emergehern putrefaction which brought thousands of revelers for the homosexual celebration which was even acknowledge by its past city officials (Releases).Repent America manager even concluded that it is the act of God which ruined the wicked city (Marcavage). Post Katrina victims have to endure depressions which are worsening from 2006 to the present year and headhunter often reminds their patients that it is normal to feel that way provided like saying men it is alright to feel bad because you loose a job, a wife, a house etc. and it mean that you are not crazy. Sometimes people talked that they will meet in the next Mardis Gras but just to find out that it can not happen that or this year. hearty behavior such as depression is increasing as years go by. Social problems do another problem and life is becoming to a greater extent problematic not to mention the rising criminalities which are brought by poverty in spirit and in material things. Being the costliest among US calamity, there would be no easy way to solve the crisis. However, years have passed and it seems that there is social and physical withdrawnness that makes it difficult to ar heartsease the problem.Space is defined by Nicolas Nova as distance between people, a marker which explains the kind of interaction or which reveals social relationships (Nova). The elongated crisis after the hurricane in the New Orleans does not only envelope the inadequacy in material resources but more so in the lack of concerns for the simple rationalness that man is repealed by final solution or in other words, man has the natural tendency to run away from destruction than to rebuild.It is for this reason that the prolonged rehabilitation of the city is not overdue to the social issue of race discrimination but the inability of those concerns to make a collaborative efforts in rebuilding their state. Since, if it is race related, where are the least of its brethren, the Diasporas, the Africans and African-Americans and the rest with other backgrounds of ethnicity. To rebuild New Orleans after the hurricane is a big job, it must be silent that physically the work is tremendous and socially the parapet is within.These spaces should be re allocated or distributed within ones environment to his most proximate neighbor and to its leaders. There is a dire need to augment the distance of the physical and social spaces that is ruining or leading the city into decay There is a need for state leaders who are not just politically inclined but with minds and hands that can work consistently together. Re-building a nation after a great disaster is indeed a very(prenominal) great undertaking and that calls for a man and a woman who can perform an ordinary childbed extraordinarily well.Works CitedMilitary. Satellite Imagery of New Orleans. (2005). 4 March 2008 . Nova, Nicolas. Socio-Cognitive Functions of Space in Collaborative Settings A Literature Review About Space, cognition and Collaboration. (2003). 03 March 2008 . Releases, Press. Hurricane Katrina Destroys New Orleans Days to begin with Southern Decadence 8/31/05. 4 March 2008 .When the Levees BrokeThe hurricane Katrina is considered one among the greatest disaster that crossed America after the new millennium but the world was not much in awe upon hearing that significant news where thousands are left homeless and needed to be rescued. The media even snoots why the president didnt passed by the disaster area when he was bound for India. By glancing at New Orleans pre and post hurricane images, one can easily decipher how great the physical damage incurred by the disaster.For instance the New Orleans playground of which the lines and images are almost erased, the lines that delineates its physical make-up is no longer vivid which shows that the state physical structures were badly damaged (Military). The cities were 80% submerged in water when the levees broke and making it the deadliest hurricane since 1928. After the levees broke, the press commented that Hurricane Katrina has put an end to the annual celebration of the Southern Decadence which brought thousands of revelers for the homosexual celebration which was even acknowledge by its past city officials (Releases).Repent America director even concluded that it is the act of God which destroyed the wicked city (Marcavage). Post Katrina victims have to endure depressions which are worsening from 2006 to the present year and psychiatrist often reminds their patients that it is normal to feel that way just like saying men it is alright to feel bad because you loose a job, a wife, a house etc. and it mean that you are not crazy. Sometimes people talked that they will meet in the next Mardis Gras but just to find out that it can not happen that or this year.Social behavior such as depression is increasing as years go by. Social problems create another problem and life is becoming more problematic not to mention the rising criminalities which are brought by po verty in spirit and in material things. Being the costliest among US calamity, there would be no easy way to solve the crisis. However, years have passed and it seems that there is social and physical distance that makes it difficult to arrest the problem.Space is defined by Nicolas Nova as distance between people, a marker which explains the kind of interaction or which reveals social relationships (Nova). The prolonged crisis after the hurricane in the New Orleans does not only envelope the lack in material resources but more so in the lack of concerns for the simple reason that man is repealed by holocaust or in other words, man has the natural tendency to run away from destruction than to rebuild.It is for this reason that the prolonged rehabilitation of the city is not due to the social issue of race discrimination but the inability of those concerns to make a collaborative efforts in rebuilding their state. Since, if it is race related, where are the least of its brethren, the Diasporas, the Africans and African-Americans and the rest with other backgrounds of ethnicity. To rebuild New Orleans after the hurricane is a big job, it must be understood that physically the work is tremendous and socially the barrier is within.These spaces should be re allocated or distributed within ones environment to his most proximate neighbor and to its leaders. There is a dire need to augment the distance of the physical and social spaces that is ruining or leading the city into decay There is a need for state leaders who are not just politically inclined but with minds and hands that can work consistently together. Re-building a nation after a great disaster is indeed a very great undertaking and that calls for a man and a woman who can perform an ordinary task extraordinarily well.Works CitedMilitary. Satellite Imagery of New Orleans. (2005). 4 March 2008 . Nova, Nicolas. Socio-Cognitive Functions of Space in Collaborative Settings A Literature Review About Space, Cog nition and Collaboration. (2003). 03 March 2008 . Releases, Press. Hurricane Katrina Destroys New Orleans Days Before Southern Decadence 8/31/05. 4 March 2008 .

Chapter 5 Quickbooks Key

Peterson is a manufacturer of industry-leading Whole Tree Chippers and Debarkers, Horizontal Grinders, and Blower Trucks and Trailers. Peterson Pacific Corp. has been an Oregon Corporation since 1981. The companion began as Wilbur Peterson & Sons, a heavy construction company. Peterson expanded into manufacturing to develop equipment to suit their land clearing/construction needs. A portable chain thrash about Delimber-Debarker was designed first, the Model DD 4800. The Model DDC 5000, a portable Delimber-Debarker-Chipper, was developed next followed by the development of other portable equipment for the paper pulp industry.The A/P Clerk is responsible for the entire accounts payable function, petty cash management, and other accounting activities. ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Represents Peterson in a positive and professional manner at all times. Matching receiving and PO documents to vendor invoices. Verifying & investigating discrepancies of PO/invoice/receivers. Price, units, terms, extensions Maintain A/P tub file, vendor master files & all A/P filing records & reports. Maintain Dynamics maintenance (Qtrly) & history purge. Maintain/manage A/P check stock & safepay (positive pay) transmittals. Generate and distribute checks.Maintain & file batch postings, transaction & check run postings Accrue A/P at month end. Posting A/P transactions to general ledger daily. Generating A/P reports for month-end including A/P detail senescent and year-end (including 1099s). Process A/P Invoice Discrepancies forms. REQUIREMENTS Systems oriented (Microsoft GreatPlains Dynamics, Max Exact MRP, Excel, Word for Windows desired). Minimum 3 years of previous A/P experience. Ability to handle high transactional volume workload industrial-strength interpersonal skills (interfaces with vendors and internal departments). Detail and procedural oriented Accurate Ability to calculate figures and amounts such(prenominal) as discounts, interest, com missions, proportions, percentages.Ability to apply concepts of basic algebra and geometry. Emphasis placed on accuracy in transposing and accounting calculations. Ability to understand basic accounting relationships between Assets, Liabilities and Equity. Strong problem solving skills Strong filing and organizational skills Communications Skills Must be able to demonstrate skill in communicating with supervisors and co-workers. Must discourse criticisms amp concerns in a way that promotes teamwork and a positive work environment. Must be able to understand and maintain strict confidentiality For more information, or to apply now, please go to the website below. Please do not email your resume to us as we only accept applications through our website. http//peterson. iapplicants. com/ViewJob-360933. html

Criminal Justice: the Right Job for You

I am going to be talking close to 3 key social appends contributing to the indigence for criminal rightness practitioners and providing examples for each issue. I will too be explaining the role of the criminal rightness professional in serving individual and societal needs. Lastly I will explain how key social issues impact the role of the criminal justice professional and provide 2-3 examples to support my position. One key social issue contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners is prison crowding. Prison overcrowding is one of Americas well-nigh serious criminal justice issues.The problem is because of insufficient jail and prison space, for which the solution is to build more jail and prison facilities. According to a 2008 translate by the Pew Center on the States, the United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world, with one in 100 Americans under the supervision of the criminal justice system. Mandatory minimum sentences for drug crimes a rgon a key factor in the high rate of incarceration. Another key issue contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners is immigration. Immigration raises three significant, controversial issues in criminal justice.The first is the time and resources necessary to deport immigrants, whether they are documented or undocumented, and who scram been convicted of crimes. The second is whether and to what extent local law enforcement resources should be used locating and removing undocumented immigrants. The third issue is the extent to which law enforcement emphasis should be on persons who transport and employ undocumented immigrants, rather than on the immigrants themselves. A major issue contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners is poverty.You can read alsoJustice System Position PaperThe severity of poverty often goes hand in hand with the keep down of crimes committed. Money is often reinvested from the open market place to the black market to bring ab out high yet risky return in urban areas. Risks such as these are even higher(prenominal) when this activity is controlled by violent mob-type organizations and gangs, whose existences are structured around capitalizing on the poverty of others. Realistic and reachable role models are far and few between, if whatever exist at all, which causes the children of those who live in these areas to look up to more unsavory figures who are living the high life through low living. p pack living in poverty some people resort to crime to support their habits (drugs and/or alcohol) and/or support their families. Because of this crime rates go up, the amount of people incarcerated goes up, and the tax dollars go up to keep the prisons and jails running. The role of criminal justice professionals in serving individual and societal needs is very broad. there are many positions in the criminal justice field in many different areas with different tasks and responsibilities. whitlow justice profess ionals spend a lot of time resolving conflicts and negotiating with various parties inside and outside their organizations.They handle complaints, settle dis wanderes, and resolve grievances and conflicts, usually by negotiating with several parties. Sometimes they perform this task in conjunction with another one, evaluating information to determine compliance, which requires them to review relevant information and use their individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards. Criminal Justice professionals oversee safety, gather information and documentation, provide testimony, and they are expected to regularly provide information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates to support their positions.One key social issue that impacts the role of criminal justice professionals is requiring more correctional officers or detention officers due to overcrowding. Yet there are more inmates in jails and prisons and there are not enou gh correctional officers or detention officers to staff the prisons and jails. In return the staff are overworked with mandatory overtime and compensated with extra old age off instead of overtime pay. Immigration is another key social issue that impacts the role of criminal justice professionals.There is a continuous combat about controlling the border of Mexico and how to control it. There is much violence at the border from illegal immigrants and drug cartels. Border Patrol Agents lives are put at risk every day trying to protect the border because of this violence. There are many social issues contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners and there always will be. The need will increase with time as will crime because of these social issues. There will always be a place in society for the criminal justice practitioner.

Report on Marketing Strategy of Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Limited

Report on trade Strategy of Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Limited Rahimafrooz Bangladesh limited was appointed in 1950. As a trading c each(prenominal)er-up. Late A. C. Abdur Rahim was the proprietor in this time. From 1954 it was established as a limited corporation. In the new purlieu he had to start afresh. He had little capital. His main assets were self-importance-confidence and a pissed faith in the Almighty, which carried him through and through and through all the difficulties with a remarkable triumph.He finally established a small proprietary trading company take for waterd Rahimafrooz & Co, in Chittagong in 1950 which was later incorporated on 15th April 1954, which is now Rahimafrooz (Bangladesh) Ltd. Rahimafrooz expanded rapidly into various trading items. The major milest champions in Rahimafrooz history can besummarized as below Incorporated in 1954 by Mr. A. C. Abdur Rahim electrical distributorship of Lucas Battery in 1959 Exclusive distributorship of Dunlop tyre in 1978 Acquisition of Bangladesh operations of Lucas UK in 1980 First manufacturer of industrial outpouring in 1985Pi integrityering Solar notificationet in collaboration with BP in 1985 First ever battery export to Singapore in 1992 Launched Rahimafrooz Instant antecedent System in 1993 Acquisition of Yuasa Batteries (Bangladesh) Ltd. in 1994 Attained ISO 9002 certification for RBL operations in 1997 First India office opened in Ahmedabad in 2000 Awarded Bangladesh Enterprise of the course of instruction in 2001 Attained ISO 140011996 for RBLoperations Launched public square the original ever retail chain in 2001 Launched Rahimafrooz Energy Service in 2002 promoting distributed power. Established Rahimafrooz CNG ltd. n 2003 Awarded discipline Export Trophy in 2003 MetronetBangladesh,afibreoptic founddigitalsolutionproviderforselective informationcommunication,launched in joint venture with plant Telecom in2004 Received McGraw-Hill Platt Global Energy Awardfor renewa ble Energyin 2004 Received the Ashden Award for Sustainable Energy in 2006 EPZ manufactory and RALtwo new company developed in 2008 1. 1 ORIGIN OF THE REPORT This be sick Report has been prep ared as the fulfillment of the partial unavoidableness of B. B. A Program. 1. 2 OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORTOur melody courses are excogitateed to help the students learning the technique and acquiring with skills needed effectively in heed including planning, organizing, staffing, carry oning, motivating and controlling, line of works in achieving organizational goals in differing managerial environments as a part in several(predicate) management system. So the prime aim of the regarding bailiwick is to diagnosing a company regarding their operations & thus make a nice combination of my four historic period educational learning. The main objective of the report is merchandising strategy of Rahimafrooz ltd. 1. PURPOSE OF THE REPORT I take information for my report by two purposes. 1. 4 PRIMARY PURPOSE The Primary purpose of this report is to part fulfill the requirement of my Bachelor Degree. 1. 5 SECONDARY PURPOSE Secondary sources include the internal documents uniform annual report company bare other research reports and brochures. 1. 6SOURCE AND METHOD OF COLLECTING DATAThe report is organized by secondary source of data. Various reports brochure, catalog, articles and journals, projects profile, dealer computer address form _or_ system of government, and Rahimafrooz website is used in this regard. 1. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY Firstly, judging a companys activity relative to competitor is not an easy task. This study has well-tried to figure out the key factors that has an effect towards the profit mogul of the company. Secondly, analyzing the secondary data and comparing it with the primary data was a major problem in fashioning the report. Thirdly, lack of adequate knowledge has a effect in writing the report properly. Chapter Two Company history Fou nder Late A. C. Abdur Rahim (1915-1982). Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Limited A man of strict spiritual determine, yet a believer in progressive dynamism, and dreamer who thought nothing is impossible Late A C Abdur Rahim overcame numerous challenges and obstacles to become one of the most accomplished entrepreneurs of this country. Born on the 20th of January 1915, he lost two his parents by the time he was cardinal years of age. Deprived of formal schooling and a typically comfortable childhood, he grew up as a man with strong determination, hard workings diligence, and human com rage. By the early 1940s, Mr. Rahim started small scale mercantile trading on his proclaim. He moved to Chittagong in 1947 and stared afresh with very little capital in hand, but with a whole world of courage and faith.In 1950, he established the small trading concern dealing in various items. This proprietary tune was formally incorporated on April 15, 1954 as Rahimafrooz & Co. Till date, Rahimafrooz Group commemorates this as its Foundation Day. The childhood hardship and the struggle in his young years only made Mr. Rahim a strong several(prenominal), a faithful human being, and a leader full of compassion and humanity. He was a caring mystify and an affectionate person throughout his life. Whoever, in his lifetime, came in touch with Mr. Rahim, fondly remembers him as a man of tremendous humility, dignity, and trustworthiness.His passion for continuously improving himself and his religious and ethical righteousness, and his dedication to please his guests are still prevalent in todays Rahimafrooz culture shaping the Groups insert and its future. straight offs Rahimafrooz is a dream that Mr. A C Abdur Rahim turned into reality. The business organization growth, the social commitment, and the great diversity in todays Rahimafrooz are the egress of one lifetime of hard work and compassion from Mr. Rahim. He breathed his last on March 14, 1982 in London. But his work an d his virtue pass on kept him alive forever.May Allah grant him with eternal peace. Over the decades, Rahimafrooz has grown in size, scale, and diversity. The Group today has Eight Operating Companies (SBUs), a few other business ventures, and a not for profit social enterprise. As of 2011, the Group currently employs more than tierce kelvin people directly and a further twenty thousand indirectly as suppliers contractors, dealers and retailers. Rahimafrooz operates in four broad segments Storage Power, Automotive & Electronics, Energy and Retail. We drive strengthened our market leadership at business firm while reaching out to international markets.Ranging from automotive after market products, dexterity and power solutions, to a world class retail chain the aggroup at Rahimafrooz is committed to ensuring the go around in quality standards and living the Groups five core values Integrity, Excellence, guest Delight , Innovation and exalt People. Rahimafrooz has been a partner in the development journey of this nation for more than fifty-five years now. We set ourselves the highest standards in responsible corporate behavior and our passion for winner is aligned with the development of the country.We are committed to playing a confidential information role in driving growth, prosperity, ethical values and social responsibility. We cut across to serve our clients through unparalleled quality excellence and service shiningity. Our business success has been complemented by our commitment to the environment, society and community. At Rahimafrooz, We are enriching lives with your trust 2. 1 Aspiration To be most admire and trusted organization through excelling in everything we do, following ethical business practice and adding value to stake holder. 2. 2 VisionBe an enterprising group of Taka 2,000 crore by the year 2010 with the diversified business portfolio focus on dynamic growth, excellence, innovation, client delight in enriching our world. 2. 3 Vision 2015 A billion dollar diversified group committed to adding value to all stakeholders and community Value Integrity in all our dealing Excellence in everything we do Total commitment to customer satisfaction Thinking ahead and taking new initiative 2. 4 Quality policy We, as a team, totally committed to customer delight through intelligent effort and continuous improvement. 2. Community service Rahimafrooz regularly contribute personal, fiscal and medical help topeople disadvantaged bynatural calamities andserious illness. Rahimafrooz likewise makes significant contribution to leading diabetic and cancer hospitals. 2. 6 Achievements of RBL Asias Best BrandCMO Award 2010 Asias Best Employer SC& FE,CSRAward 2008 Brand LeadershipAward 2008 Ashden AwardAward 2006 National export dirty money Award 2001- Chapter three Strategic business unit (SBU) RBL 3. SBUs (Strategic Business Units) Rahimafrooz (Bangladesh) Ltd. (Group Parent Company)Rahimafrooz (Batteries) Ltd. Rahimaf rooz Distribution Ltd. Rahimafrooz Energy Services Ltd. Rahimafrooz Renewable Energy Ltd. Rahimafrooz CNG Ltd. Rahimafrooz Superstores Ltd. Excel Resources Ltd. Rahimafrooz Globatt Ltd. Rahimafrooz service focus on 3. 1 Rahimafrooz (Bangladesh) Ltd. (Group Parent Company Rahimafrooz (Bangladesh) Limited (RABL) is the Group Holding and Parent Company including the Group Corporate Center that guides the Strategic Business Units (SBUs). It ensures continuous management innovation, technology adoption, new initiatives, corporate governance and compliance.Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Ltd has imported world famous Dunlop Tire and Tube which is producing in Japan and India. At present Rahimafrooz Bangladesh ltd. Is one of the discharge most organizations in the country many an(prenominal) officer and personnel work hard. From the development of the organization Rahimafrooz Bangladesh ltd. is mainly work in four divisions 1. Corporate form 2. Manufacturing Division 3. Marketing and bargains division 4. International division The chairman is the chief executive officer of the organization and the director is the head of every division. Rahimafrooz Bangladesh ltd. has one head office in Motiheel.Two service offices in Dhaka and Chittagong and one factory in Nakhal Para and other is Savar. Regional office is operated by regional manager who has controlled all the gross sales force and also has responsible for his job to the managing director of head office. Every appointed dealer in the sales shopping mall of Rahimafrooz Bangladesh ltd. they always get up great reproduction from the company to serve the customer all over the country there are near around 180 dealers of Rahimafrooz Bangladesh ltd. Often the company organize conference for the dealer and they create the opportunity to exchange their value. . 2 Rahimafrooz Battery Ltd Rahimafrooz battery ltd has mainly marketed Rahimafrooz battery. At present Rahimafrooz company has been producing and marketing more than one hundred categories battery. Automotive battery and motor cycle battery are produced by Rahimafrooz Company. This is very popular in the market and also high quality. The Companys manufacturing plants produce a range of products automotive, motorcycle, and appliance batteries, Industrial (stationary, deep cycle, traction, VRLA batteries, IPS and UPS batteries, and rectifiers.Lucas and Spark are the leading name calling in the local automotive battery market while Volta, Optus and Delta are gaining equity as International brands. RBL has a successful story of installing solar power in the remote rural battlefields of Bangladesh. It has successfully installed more than 10,000 home solar systems in the remote rural areas of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh Rahimafrooz Factory is situated in Nakhal Para. Tejgoan. It is the heist battery production electrical condenser factory. The authority tries their level best but to keep its quality through skill and efficient send found Capacity Rahimafrooz has advance of the art manufacturing plants.We are equipped with all latest technologies with empty air treatment and lead-recycling management. RBL produces distinct types of batteries to meet the local and international market. Its competency in Automotive Battery is 660,000 (N50) units per annum and Industrial Battery is 41 one million million AH/annum. By the end of 2010, these bequeath increase to 8000,000 (N50) and 120 Million AH respectively. All the products are manufactured following strict quality and environmental standards, and are ensured by international certifications too. Our main product range includes Automotive battery Motorcycle batteryAppliance battery Deep cycle Flat plate battery Industrial tubular battery VRLA battery IPS and UPS batteries 3. 3 RAHIMAFROOZ DISTRIBUTION LTD The company has a huge apprisal with the market to distribute its products through the network of dealers. It has almost near about 200 dealers, 280 Retailers and 95 Lub ricant Dealers across the country for distributing Dunlop tyre, Lucas batteries, Volta batteries, RZ tire, BP lubricants and Rahimafrooz instant power system. RDLs portfolio includes international tyre brands Dunlop and Kenda while it also carries its own brand RZ Tyre andbattery brands Lucas and Spark.RDL is the exclusive franchisee of the worlds leading lubricant brand Castrol. with Rahimafrooz IPS, UPS and Voltage Stabiliser, the company enjoys clear leadership of the emergency power products market. In addition, it also runs eight automobile service centres in Dhaka and Chittagong. Recently the company has entered the electronic goods market. It distributes and markets various household appliances and electronic goods through RDLs newly inaugurated electronics retail chain, Ureka and its numerous sales outlets.RDL product portfolio includes the followings Tyre RDL markets different tyres for car, bus, truck and auto-rickshaw. It is the doctor distributor of DUNLOP in Banglades h. RZ Tyre is its own premium heavy duty truck/bus tyre fit for Bangladeshi road. It also markets other thrift tyres. Automotive RDL markets three major brands of automotive batteries LUCAS, VOLTA, VOLTA MF (Maintenance Free) and SPARK. All batteries are produced by RBL. Power Back-Up System RahimAfrooz IPS and Rahimafrooz UPS are two popular power back-up systems marketed by RDL. LubricantRDL is the marketer and sole agent of Castrol, one of the lubricant giants Rahimafrooz solar is started with apilot project with the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission. Rahimafrooz Solar supplies solar-electricity to the remote villages of Bangladesh. More than 30,000 thousand families are supplied with solar power with help of NGOs and International Organizations. Excel retires limited RBL is the leading tyre make over company in Bangladesh. ERL has been serving the industry since 1994 providingbest quality of retreads. Its plant is capable of retreading tyres ofcar, bus, and truck.EXCEL RESOU RCES LTD Excel Resources Ltd. (ERL) is a leading name for tyre retread. ERL also manufactures and markets emery cloths and abrasive papers. ABOUT RETREAD Retread of tyre is a process whereby new tread rubber is applied on a used tyre casing if done properly, this process allows similar mileage like new tyres. The process extends longer casing life. Based on the casing, a tyre can be retread up to 3 or 4 times, as long as the casing entertains. The retread process is eco-friendly and does not result in environmental pollution.A retread tyre can save up to 50% of new tyres cost. Every time you buy and use a retread tyre, you help to conserve Their valuable natural resources and since retread tyres are less expensive than comparable new tyres, one can save money while helping the environment. This is truly a win-win situation 3. 4 Rahimafrooz Energy Services Ltd. BRAND Rahimafrooz Energy Services Limited was established in the year 2000 as a standby, jailed anddistributed power solut ion provider. It is a leading name in the diesel generator industry having a customer base of nearly 700.Its clientele comprise of industrial plants, real estates, hospitals, educational institutions, telecoms, supermarkets, corporate houses and government establishments including the Armed Forces. The company is marketing both diesel and gas generators from Pramac Power Engineering, Italy and Spain, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Limited, Japan. Rahimafrooz Energy is also providing Rental Power with both diesel and gas generators. Rahimafrooz Energy is the Authorized Distributor of GE Consumer & Industrial Lighting, USA and Exclusive Distributor of Wiring Accessories and low-spirited Voltage Protection Devices from Hager, France in Bangladesh.Located at the heart of Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka Rahimafrooz Energy is equipped with the necessary service facilities and ready availability of stocks for all kinds of organizations and individuals requiring energy related solutions RE SL is the Exclusive Distributor of PRAMAC in Bangladesh. It markets diesel generators up to 2500 KVA for multiple users. Its customers comprised of industrial plants, real estates, hospitals, educational institutions, telecom companies, supermarkets, corporate houses and government establishments.Established with the aim of being a provider of standby, captive and distributed power solutions offering 24X7 customer operate, the company is now ready to launch three new products which are gas generators, power rentals and electrical accessories. In a short span of five years, Rahimafrooz Energy Services Limited has grown to be a highly reliable energy solution company. PRAMAC generators come up to 2,500 KVA for multipurpose use. Its customers comprised of industrial plants, real estates, hospitals, educational institutions, telecom companies, supermarkets, corporate houses and government establishments. . 5 RAHIMAFROOZ RENEWABLE ENERGY LTD Transforming the lives of people and lighting up different corners of the country, Rahimafrooz Renewable Energy Ltd. (RRE) has been providing Rahimafrooz Solar solutions for households, agriculture, healthcare, education, rural streets and marketplaces. To date, RRE has lightened up more than 40,000 rural homes in Bangladesh and the Company is endeavoring to do much more in the future. The abundance, inexhaustibility and non polluting nature of solar energy, have made it right alternative for conventional energy sources, which are getting fast exhausted.So far only a small portion of solar energy is being harnessed for use in solar water heating, solar lighting, telecommunications, medical refrigeration and solar water pumping. Working closely with Bangladesh Governments agencies, NGOs, donor and partner organizations, and international agencies, RRE offers a full rage of solar solutions including home lighting, street lighting, heating systems, water pumps, Photo Voltaic (PV) centralized systems, throw off irrigation systems , vaccine refrigeration, support for computer and other electronic systems, and a number of other solutions.More than 60,000 homes already been illuminated with RREs solar efforts and the number is always growing. Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Ltd. At first has marketed solar energy by exporting it from England. The following places and the institutions are the user of solar. 1. Hospital and Clinic 2. Irrigation project 3. School, Masjid, Road, Television 4. Telecommunication sector. 5. Railway signal 6. To limit out the river way. The Organization where the solar Energy is set up 1. NGO 2. Tea Garden 3. Army cantonment Chittagong 4. Private Organization 3. 6 RAHIMAFROOZ CNG LTD. Rahimafrooz CNG Ltd. RACNG) offers universal solutions for CNG refueling, conversion, conversion centers, and maintenance. The Company runs state-of-the-art CNG conversion centers offering 1st to 5th generation conversion, and is setting up a wide country-wide network of refueling stations. It also assists, thro ugh equipments, technological know-how, training and marketing, in setting up CNG conversion centers and refueling stations INSTALLATION OF CNG STATION It helps to setup CNG Fuel Station on a turn-key basis. It also assists in obtaining financial support from the Financial Institution to setting up CNG station.It provides round the clock technological supports and training CNG CONVERSION It has its own conversion centers where you can convert your Octane or Petrol driven automobile into CNG. Rahimafrooz CNG offers an innovative and technically advanced system for conversion of all types of vehicles into CNG It is the sole technical and commercial representative of Lo. gas s. r. l. of Italy. All CNG components are given full warranty with necessary technical support. CNG SERVICES It also provides all types of technical support related to CNG stations, systems and kits to individuals and institutions. 3. 7 Rahimafrooz Superstores LtdRahimafrooz Superstores Ltd. (RSL) made a breakthro ugh in the urban lifestyles by launching the first retail chain in the country Agora. With outlets in important locations in Dhaka, and many more climax at key locations in Dhaka and other major cities, Agora is endeavoring to fulfill the everyday take of the urbanites through fair price, right assortment, and best quality. While Agora mainly focuses on food items ranging from a wide variety of fish, meat, vegetables, fruits, bakery, dairy, and grocery it also carries a vast array of other household, grocery, personal care, and various other products.Having started its journey in 2001, Agora is committed to sustaining and growing as the most trusted, loved, and frequented retail chain. Agora outlets Dhanmodi Gulshan Mogbajar Mirpur 3. 8 Rahimafrooz Globatt Ltd (RGL) Rahimafrooz Globatt Ltd (RGL) is the global wing of Rahimafrooz group. As part of excelling two decades of international market experience and aspiring to become a truly global company, this state of the art Maintena nce Free (MF) and Sealed Maintenance Free (SMF) battery manufacturing plant was established in the year 2009. With 2. million unit production capacity per year, RGL is the largest battery export plant in South Asia. In recognition to its quality management system, RGL has temptd ISO 90012008 Certification from Orion Registrar, Inc. , USA. The manufacturing process of RGL ensures highest level of environment sustainability. RGL offers a broad range of maintenance free automotive batteries manufactured according to JIS and DIN standard for a variety of vehicles, ranging from small cars to large commercial vehicles. RGL also manufactures deep cycle battery for inverter application.All these batteries have been designed by one of the leading German company. These batteries are designed for millions of vehicle enthusiasts across Asia & Pacific, diaphragm East, Africa, Europe and Americas. As the pay off line ofits flagship brand GLOBATT Drive Within illustrates, the battery is winning heart and mind of the consumers around the globe through its unparallel performance. Metro net Rahimafrooz Group, in a joint enterprise, has ventured into the first ever fiber optical commercial networking backbone in Bangladesh Metronet Bangladesh Ltd. (MBL).MBL provides robust data communication services to private sector offices, financial institutions, ATMs, and many other institutions. GreyFab and Asia Tex are two other businesses that manufacture and export textile and terry towels. verdant Service Foundation (RSF) is a not-for-profit social enterprise endeavoring to alleviate poverty and supporting the rural poor. The poverty alleviation model of RSF is based on three basic principles affordable, replicable, and sustainable. RSF has been helping the rural poor, through programs involving solar home systems, irrigation, bio gas, contract farming, battery powered instant power systems etc.Besides, RSF also runs Dhaka Project which is a home to some 600 urban street children, providing them with shelter, education, food, clothing, and care. Supported by Rahimafrooz. 3. 9 RAHIMAFROOZ SERVICE CENTER Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Ltd service center is situated in 13 Mahakhali commercial areas in Dhaka. Here the product of Rahimafrooz is sold and servicing also. Here the service is done in modern computerized system. The complain is also solved and handle from here. and a number of generous donors from home and abroad, RSF has a country-wide network with nearly fifty field offices. . 10 Sales process Diesel generator Project 1. Pre-sales opposition (sale people) Discussion with customer regarding the actual need, the size of the generator, KVA, generalization process etc. a) Inform customer regarding product feature b) Site visit evaluate the customer recommended location where generator would be placed c) Load calculation d) Site suggestion Inform customer regarding instauration process provide product pass based on site etc. e) Estimated price rates 1. Offer submission (based on customer requirement)Technical Product list Financial offer different parties involve with offer submission. (They evaluate the offer) a) Financial institution/ Bank b) Consultant c) Construction jotor 1. Follow up (before sale) a) Over phone b) Direct visit 1. terminal Negotiation meeting Price Product 1. If veritable by the customer then work lay is issued schedule date for installation material auspicate or list of material material arrangement relevant document Price and mode of fee 1. payment (as per work order) 2. re-installation critical review (sale people and installation and service supervisor * customer name and address * package number * capacity * installation place * material list * pitch shot date 1. delivery/dispatch (store officer 2. installation 3. follow up ( after sales) by the sales people 4. bill collection (accounts and sales people) * description of equipment * model * military commission date * amount of bill claimed by the R ESL 1. A. Corporate Definition corporate customers are those customers who buy a bulk amount of products from RESL. It can be Bank, factory, hospital, real estate or industry.Sales process is same 1 to 11 Installation Sources/sales leads are different. B. Individual Definition individual customers are those customers who buy one or two products from RESL. It can be Bank, factory, hospital, real estate or industry. Sales process is same 1 to 11 (except work order) 100% payment before delivery sources/sales leads are different 1. B. Referral Colleague from RDL, RBL and etc Sales lead given by commission agent Sales man of RESL has contact with other companys sales man Refer customer to the RESL. Receive commission from RESL to 11 same processes. Except work order for individual but for corporate (need work order) 1. C. Third party/Contract proposal Rail way , police buy from third party Third party buy from RESL (supplier of generator) But all after sales services given by the RES L Sources of sales lead From colleague like RDL,RBL sales person of other company existing customer Direct call from customer( new or existing customer) Sales lead given by commission agent From bill carte Newspaper Related generator company/ similar trend business Consultant Road site Field representativeDirect sale Customer direct come to RESL Project Corporate Individual Third party/contract proposal Referral From Existing customerDirect sale Direct saleFrom bill boardNewspaper From bill boardNewspaperDirect saleField representativeRoad siteRelated generator company/ similar trend business From bill boardNewspaper From colleague like RDL,RBLsales person of other companySales lead given by commission agentConsultant Figure 1 3. 11 afterward sales service 1. Installation (project and individual/corporate) 2. Service (individual) . I. Emergency service 2. II. Schedule service 3. Service (project) 1. Installation( individual/corporate) a) Site visit b) Pre-installation inspec tion (sale people and installation -service supervisor) customer name and address package number capacity installation place material list delivery date c) stuff arranged Material bought by the customer (cable) or RESL provide it. d) Based on that date follow up and confirm that today you have installation date. e) Which train will go for installation (his name, place and date)?This record is in excel winding-clothes f) Commissioning sheet * Site code * customer name * Package no * Supplier address * Technical terms * Other relevant information * Comments from customer * signed by RESL service technologist and customer 2. Service ( individual ) 1. I. Emergency service (warranty period 1year or running hour1500h) a) Hot line b) Call from customer c) Whether this product is within warrant or not d) Commissioning sheet cheeked by service coordinator customer name Package no Supplier address Technical terms Other relevant information Comments from customer igned by RESL service e ngineer and customer e) If it is within warranty then free service and prompt( excluding Lub oil tense up, air filter, fuel filter and culent filter parts) f) send engineer to the sight g) Service sheet sign by engineer and customer with the bill copy, feed back sheet and other material h) Follow up only for individual (everyday at least 10 calls from excel sheet randomly) i) Documentation how many times complains come from client. j) Problems sheet send to Service complain par day6 to 10 k) She only send critical problem to the COOEmergency service for an examplehospital1) normal problem normal engineer 2) critical problem critical engineer 1. II. Schedule service a) Hot line b) Tell Detail information about product( KVA and price rate) c) Offer give by service coordinator of RESLthis is basically gave idea about relevant parts for generator Description of material Quantity Price Signature by service engineer d) If accepted then schedule date e) Bill collection f) AMC serviceDha ka and out side Dhaka city Critical A one serviceprice range different * Non Critical -one serviceprice range different * Super Critical one serviceprice range different * Working hour * wages date * Exclusion * Other applicable terms * Starting date g) Inform about Servicing after 50h/200h/ or 6month which ever come first ( excluding Lub oil filter, air filter, fuel filter and culent filter parts) h) Engineer send to the customer with the bill copy, feed back sheet and other material i) Payment( partially or full) j) Follow up monthly wise ) All Problems sheet send to (senior officer- customer relation l) Service complain par day10 to 15 m) She only send critical problem to the COO C. Service (project) Projects are those customers who bought a bulk amount of product. For an example GP bought560+ diesel generators. 5 people are working as a service coordinator to maintain the service for project. Different people are handling different type project. So, their working style is also different. They have 5projects (GP, Bangla link, Eric son, AKTEL and Motorola. Processes are same but record keeping/documentation is different.Installation (projects) service coordinator Estimated( everything including product, parts and etc) given by the project * customer name * Package no * Supplier address * Technical terms * Other relevant information * Comments from customer * signed by RESL service engineer and customer RESL take all estimated material( material list) for installation to the site If any scanty parts or material need then RESL claim extra bill for that Commissioning paper and engineer sign that paper Problems Service engineers are not identifying the specific problem. Every time new service engineer was coming and telling customer about new problem.Different service engineers are sending for same problem. customer become dissatisfied and for this reason sell will be decline in future Stock out problem Not delivery at proper time Not inform problem to the ori ginal sales people by Proper service Place Manpower Branding Promotion Promotion (integrated Marketing communication) RESL was doing Same Promotion for all products. For an example diesel generator, GE lighting and power rental. Above the line Through the line Below the line Above the line Bill board Press add Add Design for bill board Process of press advertisingDesign developed by RESL with agency Rate (fixed)on behalf of RESL dialog with news paper by Agency a) Which paper b) Page number c) What size d) Color Quotation send by add agency Work order send by RESL Payment Chapter four Branding 4. 1 Brand A name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or a group of sellers and to recite them from those of competition. Brand elements, sometimes called brand identities, are those trademark able devices that serve to identify and differentiate the brand.The main brand elements are brand names, logos, symbols , characters, slogans, jingles, and packages. Brand element choice criteria 1. MEMORABLE Easily recognized it is easy to recognize because this is already a establish brand (general electric) Easily recalled easy to recall also 2. MEANINGFUL Fun and interesting Rich visual and verbal imagery 3. PROTECTABLE Legally Competitively 4. flexible Flexible Updatable 5. TRANSFERABLE Within and across product categories Across geographical boundaries and cultures The quality parameter ProductQuality Generator Performance v Feature v ossification quality v Reliability vDurability v Serviceability v Style and design v 4. 2 Steps of brand expression TARGET MARKET OTHER VARIABLES VALUE INNOVATION VALUE PRICING VALUE DELIVERY VALUE PROPOSITION Brand Elements STEPS IN twist BRAND Product Engineering Creating Differentiation Five Dimensional Branding Win WinSituation Cost-EffectiveDistribution Position the brand in the mind of the prospect Create sense/ identity of name/ symbol/personality Position the brand to differentiate from others Create brand image Create trust in the minds of customers, prospects and other stakeholders by maintaining consistency and DEL BRAND EQUITY Build awareness to the mind of the prospect. a) Branded vehicle b) All Transportation of GE will covered by the GE stickers c) Sales man will build awareness to the dealer d) Tell detail about the brand like GE e) Provide GE jersey to all sales people 4. 3 Experience wheel of Rahimafrooz Chapter Five Supply chain management 5. 1 Function of Physical distribution stock control a) How much to order? b) When to order? Warehouse(private) a) Tejgaon b) Begun bari c) Mirpur Material handling ) Maintain the quality of storage b) Moving right goods at the right time to make them available to the right customer. Transportation a) Own b) Private Channel structure Indirect Intermediary (RESL) Manufacturer End user Level of intensities Distribution from ace outlet (RESL) Exclusive Ware house entry process 1. Normal entry 2. Warranty entry A) Normal entry which come from direct principle portal new products L/C number About product part number and serial number Input to the excel sheet Kept in store Delivery B) Warranty entry Entry speculative productsMatch with the product part number and serial number Input to the excel sheet For Defective products kept in store for physical evidence Delivery Current process (re-placement flow) 5. 2 Target market The target market is group of customer to whom the company aims its marketing effort. The target market of the RBL is automobile users and industries telecommunication, power station, railway system, electric vehicle, forklift, ship buoy lighting and solar power system and household for IPS and UPS battery. targeting board groups of buyers within a specific product/market, much(prenominal) as automobiles.Consider for example, the global market for automobiles. In 2003 the sales of the Chevrolet Impala model where 1. 5 million units, In 2005 the sale corolla best selling model has sales of about 300,000 unit . considering automobile market RBL segmented their markets and develop product like locus. The fragmentation of demand and loss in market is creating subgroups of buyers of buyers within the total market, each displaying different customer satisfaction requirements. such differention provides and opportunity for business to design product offerings to meet the need of customer indifferent market segment.Targeting all people and also organization in a market is not a typical strategy for RBL. instead, many target one or more segment within the total market. Deciding what people to target is a critically important strategic decision. Customer focus Rbl are focusing on customer. getting to close to customer Rahimafrooz associates directly with distribution, retailers and also buyers to know what drives customer satisfaction, identify customer needs, and use those needs to target market where the business can a chieve a sustainable and significant competitive advantage in this field.RBL understand customer preferences and requirement and offerings superior value RBL developed a centralized customer feedback and query sell total commitment to customer satisfaction is one is of their values. listening to what customer sound out in continual systematic way is a key tool to comprehend their needs and requirement and to satisfy them a achievement excellence in their product and service accordingly. All individuals of Rahimafrooz Group interact with customers and members of thepublic everyday and do hear, eceive, or learn about their comments, complaints, views, etc on the products, services, and dealings of the company A systematic and organized way of managing these feedbacks and queries will surely strengthen their total commitment to customer satisfaction. Strategic Policies Innovative RBL always find creative kernel to achieve their desired results, whilebuilding on the experiences of oth ers. Leaders RBL aggressively in the forefront of economic development for their target markets others will use their successto measure own. Renewals and GrowthRBL focus our efforts and incorporate values into actions that contribute to a positive, effective andsustainable economic transformation in theRegion. EnterprisingPeople RBL find, grokandsupporttheeffortsofcustomers, suppliers and employees who are motivated to undertake new or risky paths that result inpersonal andcompany growth. Enterprising Businesses RBL attract and engage companies unforced to change and take risk to achieve sustainable growth, thereby providing increased employment and wealth to the Region. The RegionRBL will serve the broadgeographic area rather than Bangladesh. Strategies Build a support system that will enable the successful execution of resources to innovate superior products. Develop production process based onthe strategic planimplementation requirements Develop cross-functional team to support implementation of thestrategic plan. Develop a performance measures tool Developaprocessforcontinualfeedbackon progressfromthemarketandperiodic assessment andrevision of their marketing strategy and plans. 5. 3 How RBL Become Market Leader 1. ive the values Integrity Honest, fair and impartial to all. e. g. delivering on promises to external and internal customers. Excellence Selfdiscipline,personalresponsibility,overallcommitmente. g. (a) Takingpersonal responsibility for delivering the results as planned. e. g. (b) Finding andimplementing new orimproved solution. Total Customer satisfaction This applies to bothinternal and external customers, and must fullysatisfy both. This means those soul their expectations, andmatching to ourresources/capabilities. Taking new initiativesFinding and implementing new ways of solving or improving issues 2. RESULTORIENTED Achieving targets, taking corrective action, givingfeedback. 3. TEAM detergent builder Empathic, Compassionate . e. g. (a) Re ceptive to ideas, complaints, feedback of others and adding positive suggestions (b)Actively coaching team members for theirdevelopment. 4. RECEPTIVETOCHANGE E. g. deriving maximum benefit from the new style of supportive training programs ratherthan the previous directive style of training. 5. VISIONARY Recognizing the qualities & skills required to aspire to the companys vision e. . everbenchmarking themselves to fulfill aspirations. 6. ENTREPRENEURIAL Proactive, risk-taking, Self-starter, innovative, confident e. g. Constantly strive to improve knowledge of company. 5. 4 SWOT ANALYSIS OF RBL According to the study if the organization strengths, weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis of Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Ltd is described bellow Strengths Excellent cycling abilityhigh reliability and exceptionally long life Large electrolyte reservoir high tolerance to water loss and minimal maintenance High charging efficiencyLow self discharge, dry pre-charged plates High rat e of discharge performance High resistance to adverse mechanical and electrical condition Weaknesses Expensive than other competitors brand Low self discharge Opportunities Evolution into a Plug-in Hybrid with higher capacity batteries and a drive train designed to operate for extended periods in electric-only mode. dust into other market sectors Increasing awareness of environmental issues likely to keep demand high. licensing of technology to other manufacturers Threats Increasing Global CompetitionLow price batteries offered by china Increasing raw materials price Chapter Six Findings Product Basis Market Share Rahimafrooz Battery Ltd 27 Feb 2011 Bangladesh now has a battery market of 0. 6 million units worth Tk 5. 0 billion a year and Rahimafrooz has 75 per cent market share. Rahimafroozs Globatt hits Local Market We exported 0. 6 million batteries in the last two years with Globatt having 60 per cent share of the total units. Mr. Moin said at present there is a demand of 400 million batteries worldwide while Rahimafrooz exports 0. 5 million units a year. Business DomainsThis section describes Rahimafrooz Groups businesses according to the four broad segments that its companies operate in. Storage Power Rahimafrooz Group is the largest manufacturer and exporter of automotive and industrial batteries in Bangladesh and has the largest battery export plant in South Asia. Automotive and Electronics Rahimafrooz Group markets and distributes various automotive after-market products such as automotive batteries, tyres and lubricant as well as electronics ranging from home appliances, power backup systems, lighting products, and electrical accessories.The Group is also one of the leading complete CNG solution providers in the country. Energy Rahimafrooz Group has a significant presence in the energy sector of Bangladesh and offers a wide range of renewable and conventional energy solutions. Retail Rahimafrooz Group introduced the first retail chain of superstor es in Bangladesh and has played a major role in redefining everyday shopping. After gathering information I can draw the following findings As it is found that average 75% of market share is obtained by RBL.Most of the dealers claim that they receive their order, but it is not in ordering period. Cent percent dealers claims that they are dissatisfied with the products of RBL. The Rahimafrooz Group has more than 10 exclusive outlets. Bangladeshs largest manufacturerdistributor of automotive and industrial batteries. Bangladesh-based Rahimafrooz Batteries Ltd (RBL) expects India operations to contribute 10 per cent to the companys global revenues by 2013. Rahimafrooz IPS & UPS are best in country. RBL is the first producer of industrial battery.It is a leading name in the diesel generator industry having a customer base of nearly 900. RREL is also the pioneer in providing solar-hybrid solutions for Telecom Operators BTS towers and solar powered irrigation systems in Bangladesh. Skille d and well-trained team to ensure quality workmanship Excellent after sales service. Rahimafrooz CNG Ltd. (RACNG) is one of the leading complete CNG solution providers in the country Chapter Seven Recommendation Service engineers are not identifying the specific problem. Every time new service engineer was coming and telling customer about new problem.Different service engineers are sending for same problem. customer become dissatisfied and for this reason sell will be declined in future Stock out problem Not delivery at proper time Not inform problem to the original sales people by Proper service Place Manpower Branding Promotion If company solves these problems then it will grow faster. Conclusion No business stays at the top if it doesnt maintain its performance. Thus it is very important to fulfill the demand of the consumers through competitive advantage.This study has gone through different stages to identify the relations of marketing tools that can affect significantly the m arket share of Rahimafroozs product. Going through, Rahimafroozs product also identifies different activities of the competitors because there are also players who have special interest are their market share in the same market. Timeliness of the data is very important. I want to mention that here I learned how to work in professional environment with challenges in the real development world, how to improve coding and design techniques and how to cope with different working Throughout the whole development process.I got the chance to implement my theoretical knowledge of marketing that I learnt over last 4 years from my respected faculty members of ASA University of Bangladesh. Not only that, through report writing I got to know how to compose professional and formal reports for any project or research works. I have taken total marketing strategy of Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Limited. Through this I have tried to give an actual scenario of Marketing Strategy.