European Union Law Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Union Law Bachelor - Essay vitrineEveryday, we checked on our television to know the latest news about our community, about stocks and investments, about movies and of whats chance all everywhere the world.Since the first television broadcast in England in 1936, using a moderne level of definition of more than 240 lines, new developments had been made including CableCARD , Digital television (DTV), Digital Video Recorders, post Broadcast Satellite TV (DBS), DVD, High Definition TV (HDTV) and many others.Through television, a passel of telecommunication companies has been put up which provides work for millions of people. It is where product commercials are aired. It is also where public concerns and responsibilities were discussed. While each and every national government has draw up its own rules with regards to telecommunication, the European Union has also set its guidelines and policies to maintain and level the playing fields of the telecommunication competition. In this era where digital technologies were making its charge to communication highways and prospectively play a much bigger role in the future, the European Union has determine the needs of introducing digital technologies harmoniously into the market. ... on Law in the light of the European courts of Luxenbourg considering the aims of competition legal philosophy in the EU, and the history of European competition law. In this paper, the main elements of the European Union with regards to digital video (DTV) and High Definition Television (HDTV) will be critically assessed. There are 6 divers(prenominal) areas of audiovisual activities which are covered by the commission. According to the Principles and guidelines for the Communitys audiovisual policy in the digital get along with (2005), On the basis of these principles, the Commission intends to take action in the following fieldscultural and lingual diversity the new Media plus programme, considered to be of crucial impo rtance for the future of the European audiovisual industry. In all areas of action (training, development, distribution, promotion) this new programme will take account of the new digital environment. look into and development. The Fifth Framework Programme for Research and Development provides for a number of action lines of interest to the audiovisual sector. The external dimension of Community audiovisual policy will necessarily hinge around deuce central elements the enlargement of the European Union and the new round of multilateral trade negotiations in the modeling of the World Trade Organisation. The Television without Frontiers Directive This Directive which was adopted in 1989 and revised in 1997, ground from Television broadcasting activities Television without Frontiers (TVWF) Directive (2006) is the cornerstone of the European Unions audiovisual policy. Its two basic principles werethe absolve movement of European television programmes within the internal market and the requirement that television channels, where practicable, reserve over half

The WWW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The web - Essay Examplert documents that are specially formatted using a mark-up language that is referred to as HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML).This language supports links to other documents and graphics, video files and audio. By using the www, one can chance upon from a document to the next by clicking on hotspots. A hotspot is an area of graphics mark that helps in the activation of a function when clicked or selected. It is common in multimedia applications. It is important to visualize that not all profit servers are classified as part of the www (In Bruck & In Rao, 2013).The internet is an information system of inter united hyper school text documents that are accessed via the internet, acting like a layer on top of the internet to make it more usable. It is a collection of web servers that host websites that in turn host text documents, pictures, videos and audios, linked by hyperlinks and URLs, usually accessed by web browsers from web servers.The World Wide Web (als o WWW) is practically assumed to be the same thing as the internet, a case that is untrue. The internet refers to a oecumenical scheme of interconnected computing machine networks. The internets relationship with the World Wide Web is that the WWW is transferred using these networks, thus acting like a layer on top of the internet.When one connects their computer to the internet via an Internet Service Provider (ISP), they form a section of the ISPs network that is linked to other networks that form part of the internet. The internet links several billion gadgets across the world, including computers and mobile phones and tablets. It is a giant network- within which there are other private, public, academic, business and government networks that are connected through with(predicate) a range of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. Web-surfing aside, the internet can also be used to apportion files (for example music and video files), computer programs, Usern et newsgroups, messages (Internet Relay Chats) as well as email messages

Emergent Technologies in Commercial Construction Essay

Emergent Technologies in Commercial Construction - act ExampleThis enquiry leave behind begin with the statement that the need has arisen for solving urgent environmental problems that subscribe to been ca utilised partially by an anthropogenic factor. The consequences of the greenhouse effects (such as gas emissions), the forthcoming and unavoidable meager fuel supply, and other related topics are causing intensifying efficiency concerns among the global community. The increasing use of renewable fuels has become an inevitable practice when facing the global heftiness crisis. Oil depletion makes oil declivity more difficult and expensive, which has forced many countries to search for alternative fuel sources and talent conservation strategies. collectable to these threats, sustainability planning has become the primary agenda for the states who are facing an energy crisis and environmental problems caused by bad human activity. Since sustainability increases the chances t o survive in the context of a complex and changing environment, timely planning of activities to call down alternative energy usage seems the most reasonable. This paper will present a framework to swear out organizations design sustainability plans, aided by discussion and analysis of innovative technologies and turn in real-life settings. The revelation of commercial construction and grammatical construction technology innovations of the near future will also be discussed. There is a pronounced need to expand knowledge on commercial construction and energy, and on their influences on sourcing, building material use, construction processes, and interior/exterior design. In addition, the positive changes in the global construction patterns that stinkpot create a reliable and sustainable living environment will be predicted. The need for energy conservation and analysis of biomimicry advantages will be considered herein. The discussion of future energy delivery models will give a solid basis for the analysis of innovative construction technologies. The essence of smart interface technologies will be revealed as this phenomenon promises future benefits for the sustainable construction and engineering fields. Information about future construction techniques and material implications will also be covered. Energy Conservation and the Benefits of Biomimicry Throughout the centuries, people have been producing energy from natural resources like dodo fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and oil, which are nonrenewable. Unfortunately, these natural resources take millions of old age to form and humanity has not yet discovered any methods to accelerate this process. Moreover, energy production is a costly process that causes enormous time and financial losses for individuals and organizations (Ollhoff, 2010). In this context, the necessity for energy conservation is growing at an alarming rate. The current energy crisis is accompanied by increasing prices for energ y supplies, shortages of fossil fuels and other natural resources, and a reduction of the number of power stations in some countries. It is writ large that in facing the current energy crisis, people are searching for effective sustainable practices to go these new problems however, finding them implies initial clarity about the intricacies of the energy crisis, its causes, manifestations, and possible consequences. To respond to the energy crisis, research and development programs, along with the corresponding agencies, are focusing on biomimicry as the method to solve precise problems by following the examples of certain processes in nature. Biomimicry is welcomed in numerous energy conservation programs (Brebbia & Carpi, 2010). However, one necessitate to deepen into the essence of all essential aspects of energy conservation in order to understand why biomimicry occupies a significant place in contemporary innovative construction technologies. Ollhoff (2010) noted that the p roblem of energy conserv

Comparing 4 images Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparing 4 images - Essay ExampleAmong the most conspicuous ethnical features, that different paintings portray is the gender role and differences. Different societies viewed gender differences adversely with the people apportioning eccentric roles for each gender as the below analysis of four distinct paintings portrays.Gender differences and roles differ with differences in cultural and historical contexts. Artists capture such cultural and historical differences in the roles of different genders. Painted in the 1617, Abduction of the daughters of Leucippus is typical representation of the differences in genders and the roles of each of the genders. Among the conspicuous features of the painting is the portrayal of both manlys and female. From the painting, women be fairer than their male counterparts are a feature that arises from the cultural and historical roles of each gender. The bodies of the women in the painting are fairer and barge than the bodies of the men are. The painting portrays that women cared for the body besides the fact that they did light chores. The female bodies are voluptuous, soft and fleshy. In the early society, such features were considered sexy thus feminine.The painting portrays men as darker than the women with strong and muscular bodies. such personality features were fundamental owing to the cultural and historical roles of men at the time. They performed laborious duties thus enhancing the harvest-home of the masculine body frames. Additionally, their skins are darker then the skins of the women are a feature that arises from the extensive exposure to the acid environmental features. The painting portrays the men as beding numerous privileges over their female counterparts. The men for example are riding on horses while grabbing the women who were walking on foot and are evidently resisting the capture. The men enjoy impunity and

Organizational Culture Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Culture Case Study - Essay ExampleEffective leadership keeps a vigilant eye on the organizational culture and if any of the loopholes surfaces, leaders are the first hotshot to react to it. CASE STUDY As far as, adopting hot organizational culture if the previous single is not workable anymore is concerned, there is no harm in it (Collins and Porras 1994) but it is very most-valuable to review each corner and touch every single ground of facts and figures before changing it, though it is undoubtedly a tough job to bring each follower on to a new pattern (Paul F. Clark, 2009). Similarly, in the case study Cultural Change at Scientific Research judicatory we have observed that there was an immediate need to variety show of an organizational culture because the outcomes were not as good as expected. There were certain things that werent turning out the way it was foreseen. The most substantial things which were needed to be rectified were the unsatisfactory respons e from the customers, ineffective coordination, and budget failure. (Schein 1999) narrates the effective strategies for bringing the ethnic change in an organization, which says that unfreezing of old cultures and creating motivation among followers to adopt and bring in positive change to enhance the organizational performance, keep connectivity with the old culture and articulate charismatic leadership with a immix of altruism, analysis of previous and future plans to bring realistic and concrete cultural change. The most important is assure psychological safety through formal or informal group training by apt coaches. CRITICAL REFLECTIONS It is the process of reexamining and analyzing previous organizational experiences in a broader context. In this case study we washbasin see that the previous values were a weak composition of values to be followed, interchangeable No one owns the difficulty This was a serious concern that if no one would own the problem and then who wou ld respond to the repercussions or who would be held responsible for an ill outcome. We react to the customer In business organization, this is no less than an offence that a person who is paying to get the work done will ultimately get nothing if the work is not done accordingly. All accommodations or fire fighting should be done within and customers should get the work at its best. Here comes altruism that a leader helps an one-on-one to get the work done with an ultimate goal of organizational wellness. Costs are someone else problem Collaborative and transformational leadership execute that team will enjoy the outcome of a successful protrusion which involves that each follower is responsible for the success and it is because of the team effort then how come cost precaution could be someone else problem. Altruistic Leadership Behavior can be defined as slaying others selflessly with an ultimate goal of improving followers robustness in favor of organizations well existence. The ideology of being selfless was under debate and different philosophers had different perceptions over. It is being discussed by Clary & Snyder, 1999 that Altruistic is every(prenominal) about self interest embedded in altruism which can be selfish as well at the same time. However, Chinese Thinker and a Philosopher, Confucius believes that it is based on reciprocity which is like doing good to somebody and expects the same from

Why does privatization seem to be more successful in some countries Essay

Why does privatization seem to be more successful in some countries than in others Use some examples of your choice to illustrate your argument - Essay ExampleAs privatization of state-owned enterprises becomes a common phenomenon in the globalizing world, it must be remembered that privatization is not equally carried out among countries. Countries differ as far as privatization is concerned and this has resulted into some countries realizing profound success as compared to other countries. Therefore, different factors interplay and fail in the wider environment with regard to specific domain as far as privatization is concerned.Unsuccessful privatization has generally been associated with developing states as compared to developed states (Boulle 2009). Different varying but common factors have been provided for this. In more or less states that have realized unsuccessful results with regard to privatization has been associated with semipolitical and institutional factors that normally complicate the success of implementing goals of privatization. These political factors are captured in aspects such as corruption manipulation of regulation agencies limited technological expertness and weak auditing, accounting, and tax systems (Boulle 2009). On their part Kikeri, Nellis and Shirley (1994) identify two categories of factors that make privatization successful (Boubakri and Cosset 1999). accord to the authors countrys conditions and market conditions combine to dictate the success or failure of any privatization initiative. Accordingly, the country conditions that lead to successful privatization include open trade regime, stable and predictable environment for investment and sweetening of a developed institutional and regulatory capacity (Boubakri and Cosset 1999). On the other hand, market conditions assemble around creation of an environment that is competitive which also promotes efficiency (Boubakri and Cosset 1999). In addition, market conditions c all for to promote and make it effectively for tradable goods and services to be

Southampton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Southampton - Essay Example last yet importantly, I would like to thank all my peers and classmates who made it an enjoyable experience during the entire course.Southampton as a port city has a rich maritime history and remains home to a few of the most notable historical monuments and buildings in the UK. However, due to lack of right-hand(a) planning and execution, tourer footfall is far from satisfactory. Through this dissertation, the researcher has analysed the different aspects to promoting urban tourism in the region. Data conclave and subsequent analysis conveyed that area of West Quay, the waterfront and the parks need to be re-organised. The cruise industry acts the anchorman of the regions tourism and should be promoted as its Unique Selling Point (USP). Southampton council should also answer tie-ups with neighbouring councils of Winchester Eastleigh to promote tourism. Specific recommendations for structural changes in Southamptons approach to urban tourism include p roper advertisement to highlight the citys best features, museum visits need to be free for the public and bread and butter needs to be procured to maintain historic monuments and buildings. Moreover, council also needs to work to raise public sentiency about the magnificence of urban tourism, which in turn would affect the economy.Modern theory on sustainable development ushers a combination of economic, social and environmental issues whereby each issue is provided equal importance and judged accordingly. This form of integrative approach helps in seeking a balance between economy and society whereby versatile sectors become mutually intertwined to support the common good (Daniels, 1991).Britain had witnessed alarming decline in its manufacturing productivity from 1980 onwards. This perspective was further hampered during the economic recession of 1979-1982 however it was also during this time that organisations and government gradually began to appreciate the importance of

Genetic theory VS social approache of human language Essay

Genetic surmise VS tender approache of human style - Essay ExampleThe main observation of the genetic theory of expression is that, children e actuallywhere in the world learn to speak very rapidly. Everywhere in the world children review very similar steps while learning language and make very similar mistakes. all these can easily be explained by an innate ability to learn language but is very difficult to explain otherwise. This line of reasoning leads to the theory that innate propensity to language must be due to human evolution. Chomsky (1998) was the first to put forward this idea which has subsequently been modified and extended by Hauser, Chomsky and Fitch (2002) and Slobin (2004) among others.The proponents of this theory claim that human brain, during evolution, has developed specific neural circuits, which provide human children the power to process the language information. Neuroscience has, in fact, identified specific areas in the brain that have distinct langua ge functionality. That is the reason some stroke victims become speech impaired if these areas of the brain are affected. Second evidence in support of genetic theory is development of vocal tract which makes it possible for humans to develop precise vocal sounds. Genetic theory explains well how creole developed as a wax fledged language in Surinam. What started as an incomplete and restricted language form by break loose slaves living together and speaking many different languages, transformed into a full language by their descendants. However, this theory fails to explain why a hearing child of deaf parents, even when exposed to television, could not speak well (Bard, Sachs and Johnson, 1981)The other theory about origin of language focuses more on social interaction and suggests language to be an evidence of a childs cognitive development process. Children get off by imitating adults, specially their care-givers. Language acquisition also is a part of social interaction. Bu t unless and until a child

The Hunchback of Notre Dame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Essay ExampleHowever, in the film Hunchback of Notre Dame, there occurs classism, dictatorship, classism, dissimilarity due to physical appearance.Classism is common in our modern society. Our society comprises of different groups leading to the formation of classes. in that respect occurs the nerve center class, high class and the low class (Cudd, 105). People in the high class live many privileges and accorded respect in the society. They are treated in a special way impertinent the rest of the classes. Middle class group have it off few privileges unlike those offered to the high-class group. The worst modify comprises the low class group. People in the low class experience various forms of discrimination and enjoy few privileges compared to the other class groups. For instance, they live in slums have little access to social go such as proper health care, poor sanitation, often manipulated politically by people from the high-class group (Cu dd, 106). Just like in the film The Hunchback of Notre Dame, the king is referred as His most Christian Majesty, Louis XI. This indicates that he is highly regarded in the society and thus had massive power and privileges bestowed upon him (Wallace). Therefore, he belongs to the high class. Moreover, the archbishop belongs to the middle class while the kings subjects comprise the low class group. This group does not enjoy rough of the privileges enjoyed by the king and the archbishop.Dictatorship forms another form of oppression in the society. In most societies, kings and rulers have some autonomous powers bestowed upon them. Such powers and privileges do not exist with the subjects and thus contribute to oppression. In most instances, some actions and conducts by the rulers go unquestionable since the subjects may fear victimization. Just like in the film, king Louis XI is regarded as His Most Christian Majesty thus, making him the ruler and preside over all religious functions w ith the

Algebra Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Algebra - Essay ExampleFrom the graph above, it can be seen that the parabola is rotated 45 counter-clockwise from the orientation course where the axis of symmetry is the x-axis.which is the equation of a parabola centered at the origin, with the x-axis as the axis of symmetry for the parabola. With 4p = 5/2, the focal tip p = 5/(42 ) = 0.88 units from the vertex of the parabola. Since p is positive, the parabola opens in the positive x-direction.If B2 - 4AC 0, the conic subdivision equation describes a hyperbola or couple on of intersecting lines. If B2 - 4AC = 0, the conic section equation describes a parabola, line, pair of parallel lines, or no graph.Rotated conic sections can also be classified by rotating the coordinate axes by an angle where cot 2 = (A - C )/ B, by using the rotation equations, and hence completing the squares for x and y until the equation is in one of the following formsAssignment The dot crossroad (often referred to as the inner product in a Linear Algebra text) is a useful tool in developing several important techniques of multivariable calculus. Your task is to give a detailed description of why the slope points in the direction of the maximum increase of a function. You may restrict your essay to R3. Your essay should involveGiven that a function f is differentiable at the point (x0, y0), a directional differential coefficient Duf(x0, y0) of the function f at a point (x0, y0) in the direction of the unit vector u = is defined byThe unit vector components are given by u1 = dx/ds and u2 = dy/ds, where s is the distance along a line given by points in the x-y plane directly on a lower floor points in a curve C that lies indoors the surface z = f(x, y). For instance, at the beginning of the line, the point (x0, y0) lies in the x-y plane directly below the point Q0 lying in the curve C within the surface z = f(x, y). At a distance s (in the direction of u) along the line in the x-y plane, the point (x, y) is

Communication study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Communication study - Essay ExampleThis chapter attempts to explore the use of indexes and scales as a measure of variable in tender science research. It withal discusses the various typologies employed in both qualitative and quantitative research (Babbie, 2012).Indices in this case are utilise to measure an person item in relation to their importance in the concept being established. Babbie (2012) notes that indexes are normally used to measure a given social issues affecting people in the society. A scale, on the different hand, is used as a tool for ascertaining the intensity of emotions or attitude of an individual. Babbie (2012) reveals that the scales employed by the social scientists in research are normally constructed in the ordinal data level. Likert, semantic differential and Bogardus mixer Distance Scales, are the typically examples of scales normally used by social scientists in their studies jibe to Babbie (2012).Babbie (2012) also considers the effectiveness of scales and indexes as a measure of variables in this chapter. In this regard, it comes out that scales are perceived to formulate better than indexes. This is because scales take into consideration the feelings being measured, as well as the intensity of the question asked, according to Babbie (2012).There are normally several data collection methods used by social scientists. taste is one of the most popular methods used for data collection. Sampling refers to the data collection method in which a given small sample is taken as a representative of an entire population according to Babbie (2012). In this chapter, Babbie (2012) explores sampling as a data collection technique used by social scientists. It also attempts to examine the various sampling techniques used by researchers, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of sampling as a data collection technique.Babbie (2012) reveals that sampling technique has been

International Law - war on terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Law - struggle on terrorism - Essay ExampleSecond, the character reference of the Italian g everyplacenment in the transfer of the prisoners. Third, the role of the Italian prosecutors in indicting members of its own government and fourth, the degree to which the United States should acquiesce to the Italian prosecutors and turn over the CIA agents for trial.Dealing with the first section, it should initially be stated that the United States does have a duty to imitate international law and treaties that it is a signer to (Shaw, 2003). The particular that the United States is seen as the worlds only super- major power with supposedly overwhelming power (although the current Iraq debacle would put this in a problematic light) does not imply that it should swerve international laws because it can. Indeed, the very idea of international law was created in order to stop countries from doing what they wanted to when they had the power to do so - the prime examples bein g Germany and Japan during WWII. The more powerful the country, the more it should be seen to bind to both the letter and the spirit of the law. It is with this background that the role of the United States should be seen.The United States is a signatory to the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, signed in 1948. This may be seen as the overarching pact (even though it is not officially one) under which international agreements under human rights have been signed and implemented since this time. The Declaration is quite specific on a number of matters that directly relate to the case of the infrastructure Muslim cleric, most notably article 3, which states that everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person, Article 5, which states that no-one shall be subjected to torture, or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and Article 6, which states that everyone has the right to science everywhere as a person before the law (UN, 1948). It seems quite clear that the kidnapping of a prisoner and his transport to a country where the CIA knows that he is going to be tortured by the authorities, and indeed, the fact that he is specifically being transferred to that country in order to be tortured is a difference of the Declaration that was signed in 1948. The United States has, more specifically, signed the United Nations ruler against Torture and early(a) Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (UNICAT), which came into effect in 1987. The definition of torture according to the Convention is any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from or a third person information or a confession (United Nations, 1987). The question which arises in cases such as the one here is whether the movement of a person from one jurisdiction to another, commonly known as rendition within the law (Higgins, 2000). interpretation has normally oc curred, at least until recently, through legal channels such as extradition, which occurs between countries or from state to state within a single country that has a federal system. The problem that appears with alleged(prenominal) extraordinary rendition, which occurs without any visible legal

Organization Development Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

organisation Development Change - Essay ExampleFrom this essay it is clear thatprofessional development deals with improvement of somebodys effectiveness in practise, while organizational development entails the ways in which organizations can be enhanced through overall productivity, human fulfilment, and the response that is necessary towards the purlieu.This study highlights thatscholars such as Rittel and weber have proposed the concept of wicked problems and wicked projects as a class of problems that has difficulty in translation and has no ultimate solution. Moreover, they argue that these wicked problems ar found in several forms that be in different organizations, as nearly as, environments. It is worth noting that wicked problems generate from a dense network of unite factors that are challenging in understanding how a particular decision is viable towards influencing decisions in another(prenominal) areas.Change has numerous definitions that go in line with where i t has been used. Never the less, a adjustment agent could be best explained as a helper, advisor, coach, and leader or consultant. Its main function is the catalyst effect that entails delivery miscellanea to an organization or businesses in specific ways. In light of this, many companies, as well as, organizations hire change agents to foresee specific changes in organizations.The practitioner must be adversely conditioned about organization development theory.... It is expected that the practitioner has self management skills which makes it easier to practise interpersonal skills to members of the organization. Besides, the practitioner must be adversely knowledgeable about organization development theory (Beyerlin and Marauhn, 2011). Of importance to lower is that change is constant as it occurs in both national and international levels, over and above, physical environment particularly in ways that organizations are structured and ways in which the organizations operated p olitically, socially and economically. Apparently, the world has bring so complex and is continuously integrated to the extent of changes that seem too far being affective. Moreover, change appear to be frequent and random, a situation that makes the world a global village. According to Fitzmaurice 2009, incredible amount of change that is being witnessed globally has put the world in a position where individuals and organizations are now able to see the big picture in relation to how events are affecting them and vise versa. Change Applications Application of organization development in terms of change ensures that organizations and individuals are aware of the changes and how they are affecting them. Besides, the applications of organizational development support individuals and organizations to deal with change through events such as police squad building efforts and improvement of functions within the organization, over and above, those that are external through the introduct ion of planned change efforts (Griffiths 2007). In every organization development change, in that location are three practitioners who are involved ensuring that there is change in

Illegal Immigration and US Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Illegal Immigration and US Policy - Essay ExampleIllegal immigration is one of these issues.Illegal immigration is a multifaceted problem for the United States, and therefore politicians be un get outing to develop a solution, at least non yet. It seems that our pretendatives in Washington argon more concerned how their actions will affect their political base, and thus their cleverness to remain power alternatively than making honest evaluations of the impact 11 million illegal immigrants are having on the American economic engine. After all, if the politician isnt able to engender support and win voters by his or her policy decisions, why make a decision at all Why non pass the problem onto the next senator or congressman, and make them deal with the political hot button preferably than risk taking a dive in the next popularity pole.According to the San Francisco Chronicle, the current estimate on the number of illegal workers in America is over 12 million, with 400,000 ar riving each year. 1 This number breaks bulge to 1100 illegal immigrants per day entering this country. For the Democratic Party, who typically builds large social support programs in coif to influence voter support, this group represents an up and coming power base. For the Republicans who lean toward supporting business efforts in order to stoke the fires of our economic engine, this group represents huge amounts of inexpensive labor. However, for the people of our nation, these groups if immigrants represent the following problems rather than a potential voter block. For the labor couplings, inexpensive labor represents a virtual coup which will undermine for their stranglehold on American labor force. For the American social services sector, these illegal immigrants represent a drain on the limited economic resources allocate to serve the poor and the needy of our country. For the educational system, the influx of non-English speaking students has created a significant strain on educational progress, and educational quality at a time during which the educational system is already lagging behind world standards. Affecting union and organized labor, education, medical and social services, and finally legal systems - this growing people group represents a scourge to the very establishments which make our nation great, and set up apart from countries like Mexico, from which the majority of illegal are escaping.Illegal Immigration and LaborAt the heart of the argument is the claim that illegal immigrants are solo here to do work that Americans will no longer do. They work the fields, landscape, and take low net profit jobs which Americans refuse to do. Vicente Fox, the Mexican president, has recently said that Mexicans do jobs that even blacks wont do. 2 While this idea is prankish to hear, the general concept is unfortunately accepted by many politicians. Therefore, according to those who support illegal immigration, they are a necessary part of the Amer ican economic landscape. To some level this claim is accurate. Our nation has forever had a class of peoples which worked below the economic parity, and produced much for little pay. When our nation was settled, African slaves were imported in the South. Their work fueled the textile industry, and made it possible for America to move to the forefront in this industry. During the 1800s, and the nations tungsten expansion, the Chinese immigrants,

Jean Jacques Rousseau Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jean Jacques Rousseau - Essay ExampleThe essay highlighted the hazardous impact of modern civilization.He delivered his thoughts on upbringing in his book title mile, which was a semi-fictitious work that outlined the growth of a swearing named by the book, who was actually controlled by the author himself. The author brought the lad to the country side a designate that he sees humans being naturally suited, in comparison to a city where there argon all the bad habits that are learnt in both physical and intellectual sense. Rousseau recognized and stated that education is about schooling the art of living, and this art can only be learnt once there is a guardian to guide the ways and means to a good living. This gave birth to the concept of mentors. The great philosopher divided the growth period of a child into three distinct sections, i.e. up to 12, 12-16, and 16 onwards. In the primary phase, i.e. up to 12 years of age, in accordance with the deepest certainty that the autho r held, calculating and multifaceted cerebration is quite not possible, and children live more like animals. In the second phase, i.e. from the age of 12 up to that of 16, reasoning starts developing. In the third phase, i.e. from the age of 16 years onward the child develops into an adult. This was the time when Emile implant a young lady as his complement. The fundamentals of this book are moreover based on the healthy living rarefieds of Rousseau. The boy then does work towards his social instincts follow up, protection from vices of individualized urbanization, and self-consciousness. The scenario portray here is not merely of a gender-neutral child. There is a character in the book i.e. of Sophie who represents an ideal womanhood and Emile is meant to marry her. Her education is purposely different from that of Emile as she is learned to be administered by her keep up on the contrary, the education of Emile is for self-governance. This differentiation is a part of the esse ntial thoughts of the author regarding gender education.There retain been several criticisms on this work. Emiles edication has been thought of as impractical. Childs Education, the topic itself has besides been the cause of ignorance during many followers who in general look up to Rousseau for his political work.Similar principle was then applied to the political issues by Rousseau in a book named Discours sur lorigine et les fondements de lingalit parmi les hommes (Discourse on the Origin of Inequality) in 1755. Some of his other famous literary works included Constitutional Program for Corsica (1765), Considerations on the Government of Poland (1772), and Discourse on Political Economy (1755). The ideas generated in these political writings eventually led to the French Revolution.The Educational Theory presented by Jean Jacques Rousseau were also a major contribution of the great philosopher to the educational arena. These theories included Theory of Value, Theory of Knowledg e, Theory of human Nature, Theory of Learning Theory of Transmission, Theory of Society, Theory of Opportunity, and Theory of Consensus. Many of these theories are devoted towards learning and

The essay that compares and contrasts the two stories of Creation that

The that compares and contrasts the two stories of Creation that begin genesis - Essay ExampleThis shows graven image was in total command and is omnipotent as the creator. He simply created living beings and everything else that would be required by man on earth. There were no restrictions imposed and leftfield man to take care of the establishment. In The Garden of heaven Story, No wild plants exist, because idol had not caused rain to fall upon the land shows that God could use discrimination. God has the power but would use it when He thought best, while in the first story he just gave.In Garden of Eden Story, God proceeds to rectify the absence of cultivated plants by fashioning a man from the ground, (27) which shows that his creation was not perfect, as it required rectification while in The Seven Days Story, creation was perfect. It provided reveals that the first man was a peasant responsible for tilling the ground (Yee). In the first story, when Robert emasculate s ays, When God began to create heaven and earth, and the earth then was welter and waste. , the word welter has significance. It signifies a state of chaos or a body of turbulent water (Ackroyd, 2005). This again demonstrates the difference in Gods characteristics in the two stories. In The Seven Days Story, His command can quieten the turbulent water and make things perfect, while in The Garden of Eden Story, he rectifies His own creation.God prohibits the man under pain of death from eating of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil in the center of the garden (Gen 217 33). In The Garden of Eden Story, this clearly states that God expected man to commit mistakes. Desires and wants in man would distract him to commit mistakes and God would be the judge. He becomes the savior too, when man commits mistakes. He imposed restriction and punishment in case of failure, while in The Story of Seven Days, God says, and to every beast of

Several factors have helped bring Essay Example for Free

Several factors support helped bring EssaySeveral factors have helped bring close to progress in treat. In this essay, I will be discussing these factors. Firstly, I will be discussing how the government has helped to bring about progress in medicine. I will do this by giving an example and explaining. One good example is the mea sures interpreted by the government in Britain from the year 1900 to the year 1945. In total, there were nine acts and campaigns to mend wellness in Britain. This improve conditions in Britain and as a result, the death rate from illnesses and diseases decreased dramatically. Here is a table showing what the government did to improve medicine in Britain.1902 Midwives Act, compulsory training and setting of standards. 1906 rearing (Provision of Meals) Act, local authorities allowed to provide meals in elementary schools. 1907 Notification of Births Act, so that health visitors could be sure they visited all new babies. 1907 Education (Administrati ve Provision) Act, medical services provided for children at school. 1911 National Insurance Act, free medical treatment for doingers who paid a contri notwithstandingion, but not their families. 1918 Maternal and child welfare Act, allowed local authorities to provide free clinics from pregnant woman and infants.1930 Housing Act, slum clearance undertaken. 1940 Diphtheria immunisation campaign. 1940s supporting for the development of penicillin. War has helped and hindered progress in medicine in many ways. Medical help is undeniable intimatelyly in wartime. In all wars soldiers were wounded this opened the possibilities for more progress in medicine. The exceed example is the progress made in the First World War, many things in medicine were improved because of the Great War. WWI was a massive worldwide conflict, more people died in it than in any other(a) war forward it.This was a result of new and deadly weapons being use for the first time. The most important breakthrou gh was through surgery, I will be discussing this later on in the essay. many another(prenominal)(prenominal) powerful guns and weapons were used this caused more severe wounds. In addition, more people were wounded this gave doctors and surgeons more probability to experiment with new techniques. Blood transfusion was very effectively improved, the storage and the transportation. Many recruits in the army had low standards of health. This made the government worry more and it also made them more eager to improve health care back home.The soldiers who fought in the war were promised good housing when they returned as a reward. This speeded up the process of getting rid of unhealthy slums in Britain. The soldiers, however, were never given these houses so they were in a way tricked into joining the army. In some ways, the First World War hindered the development of surgical techniques. It halt a great deal of medical research. However, the war helped more than hindered. During the conflict surgeons did their best for the wounded but their methods, which worked well in a clean hospital operating theatre, were not so effective on a dirty battlefield.They had to develop new techniques to deal with the problems. Some of these techniques had an impact on surgery in civilian hospitals after the war. There were three main improvements in surgery, X-Rays, Blood transfusion and fighting infection. X-Rays were invented before the war but during the war, X-Rays were used for the first time. The X-Ray machine improved the success rate of surgeons in removing deeply lodged bullets and shrapnels, which would otherwise cause fatal infection. Blood transfusion had been used since the 1800s, but mysteriously it plainly worked sometimes.During WW1, scientists discovered that there were different blood groups and that the patient only recovered if he were given a blood transfusion with the same blood group as his own. This was an important husking, which saved many lives . Finally, give wounds, this was a real problem as most soldiers with wounds died from infection. During WW1, fighting infection was improved slightly. Surgeons cut forth infected tissues and soaked the wound with a saline solution. War hindered progress in medicine in the following ways Bullet wounds caused infection and powerful guns caused sever wounds, which not all doctors could cure.Millions of soldiers were killed and war halt medical research doctors were taken away from their normal work to help the wounded in the war. I agree with the statement chance by itself has never brought about progress in medicine. This is evident with Pasteurs discovery of a vaccine for chicken cholera. One of Pasteurs scientists injected a chicken with cholera the scientist was confused because next sidereal day the chicken was not dead. Pasteur then asked him which cholera did he use, the scientist found out that the cholera he used was old and that it had been exposed to the air for a lon g time.They then injected the chicken with some fresh germs and they didnt work on the animal either. Pasteur decided the fresh germs were faulty he decided to try the fresh germs on different chickens. He found out there was nothing wrong with the fresh germs. Pasteur had found another vaccination. The old germs had protected the first group of chickens just like Jenners vaccine. Chance by itself has never brought about progress in medicine but it did play a big part in medicine but without the geniuses like Pasteur we may never have found out treatments and cures for deadly diseases.

Aristogoras of Miletus Essay Example for Free

Aristogoras of Miletus EssayIn 499 BCE, Aristagoras made a drop away that greatly changed history and led to westerly ideas being interruption throughout the world, a major spell point in shaping the culture of future generations. It resulted in many wars and conquests but ultimately this defect is why today delegates to the United Nations wear suits and ties instead of turbans.Aristagoras was the Iranian governor of Miletus on the edge of the Persian Empire. The nearby island of Naxos rebelled against the Persian Empire and Aristagoras seized the opportunity to take it back and get a promotion to a better position from the Persian emperor Darius I. At the very(prenominal) least, even if it did not lead to advancement, he could add Naxos to his growing state and get money from the taxes on its citizens.Since Naxos was an island, Aristagoras needed a navy to set aside it so he got the help of Artaphernes, the governor of Lydia and Darius brother, to supply his navy to take Naxos in exchange for some(prenominal) of the plunder. In addition, Artaphernes provided Aristagoras with his skilled and clever naval admiral, Megabates. Unfortunately, Aristagoras publically insulted Megabates leading him to warn the people of Naxos of the impending encroachment. The invasion failed because the people of Naxos were prepared and Aristagoras was foiled. The problem was that Aristagoras promised Artaphernes a portion of his booty and since he had none, Artaphernes would take revenge. At the very least Aristagoras would be exiled, but most likely Artaphernes would kill him, slowly within his power since he was the brother of the king and had connections.To save his skin, Aristagoras started a revolt against Persia and got some of his neighbors to help him, such as capital of Greece and Ephesus. His army marched to Sardis, the capital of Lydia, and burnt it to the ground while Artaphernes hid in the citadel. Darius I saw what happened and quickly defeated all of th e rebels except for the Athenians who escaped by ship.Darius then launched the first of the Persian Wars which culminated at the appointment of Marathon, where the Hellenics easily defeated the Persians, ending the war. The second of the Persian Wars was launched by Darius son, Xerxes, which the Persians won after the battle of Thermopolis, but they subsequent lost Greece in a revolt. Greece survived and a few hundred years later, the son of Philip of Macedon, Alexander the Great, spread Western culture in his vast conquests. The world as we know today is because of Aristagoras mistake that influence the west (Fawcett 5).Context of that WorldThe Mediterranean world in 499 BCE was very different from our own the of import power was the Persian Empire. Persia was a very large empire consisting of twenty provinces called satrapies which were ruled by a governor, or satrap. The satrap was appointed by the king who at that time was Darius I. The satraps duties included taxing the pe ople, performing as a judge, and making important decisions for the satrapy. The farther the satrapy was from the capital, the more autonomous it was because at that time the straightaway communication was on horseback, which often took months to get from one part of the empire to another. It also took many months to agitate an army and march it to the farthest part of the empire if a problem needed to be handled. As a result, the satraps on the far reaches of the Persian Empire acted as kings of their own satrapies and could, in general, do as they pleased, which describes Aristagoras and his satrapy Miletus.While the rule of the different satraps varied based on their location, they were all united with a equivalent system of laws and judges. They shared abundant resources and order was maintained. They were also all connected by a tumesce maintained and patrolled system of roads and cultural and technological exchange was ongoing. This existed in sharp contrast to the Greeks, who were change integrity in hundreds of different independent entities, called polis, ruled by tyrants. Though bound together by language, religion, and lifestyle, they were a resource poor region. As a result, each polis was fiercely jealous of independence and suspicious of their neighbors, with browse conflicts erupting. While, collectively, they occupied a large area, they were not a dominant world force at that time. all told this changed after Darius declared war, and the major polis came together and formed an alliance to counteract the Persian threat.Although Greece continued as an independent collection of city states after they defeated the Persians, they were eventually brought together under the rule of Philip of Macedon. involution of the Greek Empire continued under the rule of his son Alexander the Great as the Greek way of life spread throughout much of the Mediterranean area and into southwest Asia, forming the foundation western culture.BibliographyAbbott, E. A History of Greece, Part II From the Ionian Revolt to the Thirty Years Peace 500-445 B.C. fresh York, Putnam, 1892.Although an old work, this book will provide a good synopsis of Greek history and the fix of Aristagoras actions on Greek history.Curtis, John E. and Nigel Tallis. Forgotten Empire The World of Ancient Persia. Los Angelos University of California Press, 2005.This resource provides an in-depth thought of the complete history of the Persian Empire and the impact of Aristagoras. It also has a lengthy bibliography that can be used to find further resources.Fawcett, Bill. 100 Mistakes that Changed History. young York Penguin Group, 2010.This book provides an excellent overview of Aristagoras rule of Miletus and the subsequent rebellion that resulted in the war between the Persian Empire and the Greeks and how his actions changed history.Herodotus, The Histories, Revised. Trans. Aubrey de Salincourt. Ed. John M. Marincola. New York Penguin Books, 2003.The only existing primary feather source, this edition also includes editorial comments to aid in understanding of the text, a glossary, timetable, and index. An updated bibliography is also provided which can be used to findadditional sources for further research.Holland, Tom. Persian Fire The First World Empire and the Battle for the West. New York Doubleday, 2006.A relatively recent work, this book will provide a more updated standpoint and accounting of historical events surrounding Aristagoras.How, W. and J. Wells. A Commentary on Herodotus, with Introduction and Appendices Volume 2 (Books V-IX). New York Oxford University Press, 2000.

Showing Respect Essay Example for Free

Showing Respect EssayAs teachers, normally we have to deal with a lot of things, such as yelling in the classroom, running in the halls and the lack of respect. Nowadays, disrespect is filling our classrooms and parents do not do anything to put a stop to the situation. As teachers or human beings we do not have to confuse respect with fear, because our work is to give tools and familiarity to our students, not frighten them. Kids are not showing any type of respect to teachers. Being in front of the class to communicate with your students might be a really strong task, especially if your students do not pay any oversight to you.But, what should we do? Should we yell at them? Would that change something? Respect is not about being afraid of the teacher. Bueno (2009) once wrote A child may attend you simply because he is afraid of you. However, when a child understands that your rules and disciplinary actions are ultimately for his own good, he will obey you because he respect s you. It is really important for our students to understand why they should or should not do something. If the stop how to respect to others, they would be able to communicate with others throughout their lifetime.When I was in front of the classroom, I deform as hard as I could to be supportive to my students, but sometimes they think you only when want to dig on their lives. Usually when kids show strange behaviours they are looking for some attention or they have trouble at their home. If the kid do not show any respect, incomplete would do the teacher, or at least it would be more difficult to keep calm and prevail a good environment in the classroom. Kids would crop everything to make me feel powerless, defeated and everything will make me lose my mind.So I start wondering what is going on or how they behave in their houses. The problem might be there. Schutte (2008) explained Parents have to pick their battles. If your child wants to wear a shirt/ defer combo that mak es her look like she dressed herself in a dark tightfittingt, you may ask yourself if its expense fighting her to get her to change her duds. On the other hand, if she wants to spend time with a boy in a dark closet, you might want to make a big deal out of that. The battles that you consider to fight will directly affect your childs level of isbehaviour. You may ask why you want to do this, but clothes are not as important as dating a boy. So, each option is well(p) to gain attention. If we find the root of the behaviour of the students is a family problem, we, as people, have deuce choices, work for them or keep against them. Either kids want attention or they are having problems in their house. We, as teachers, only have one option. Help them. Every time I see a hard kid I get instantly attached to him or her.I try to get close to them to their friends and find out what can I do for them. Rich (1998) wrote In this complex world, it takes more than a good school to educate c hildren. And it takes more than a good home. It takes these two major educational institutions working together. Without the parents support, you will be stuck in that spot. So we have to get the family involved in the learning carry through to reach out the success the children may achieve. I always work for the childrens success through the respect and I really expect he same from them.Our job as teachers is more than just give away contents. It is about giving lessons of life and spreading some values that might be helpful for them in their lifetime. That is our goal show them they could be better. Explain them how great can they be, or how removed they might go with just a little bit of work, not only with themselves, but similarly with their families. We just might be proud of them when we could see what they have accomplished and think that we were involved in their success.

Growth Performance Management Essay Example for Free

yield mathematical process counselling EssayIn this report I afford apt(p) a lot of research into the germane(predicate) subjects. I venture that the representation I catch supposeed at the possibilities volition help Helen Marsh and Brian Taylor overcome to a greater extent or less of the obstacles in their organisation in put up to make in that respect chore successful. Suggestions on what you should be specific aloney looking at in order to make your furrow a success, in my view would be the feat to improve employee attitudes and training for employees. I mobilize I have covered all the points that you have given me in depth if I have not apologies on my behalf. Introduction- Aims of the ReportThe aim of this report is to fork stunned Helen Marsh and Brian Taylor the problems of their occupancy in more detail than the report give (case depicted object). I entrust lineation and investigate further into the following matters* Growth* Performance Manageme nt* Performance assessment Systems and penury* pauperization* Rewards* Employee overturn/Retention* breeding and Development* CommunicationGrowthTo see the return of Brian and Helens play along, we will look convey to examine into the curse (Political, Economical, Social and Technological factors) and grind (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis for this fellowship, this will help us identify if the company should continue to grow. By understanding to the highest degree the machinate and PEST analysis this will show us key information and help us identify or so of the problems with the seam.SWOT analytic valueingSWOT Analysis is a very effective way of identifying your Strengths and Weaknesses, and of examining the Opportunities and Threats you face. Carrying out(a) an analysis using the SWOT framework helps you to focus your activities into argonas where you atomic number 18 concentrated and where the greatest opportunities lie. SWOT Analys is is a strategic method for identifying your occupancyes Strengths and Weaknesses, and to examine the Opportunities and Threats.These are moreover some of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats there may be more if you feel that there are, pleases do not hesitate to call me we washstand hash out these further. By reading the report that you gave me (case study) I found more weaknesses than strengths. This is not bad as this shows you that you plunder improve on these to make your agate line a success.Read moreDifference Between Performance Management and Performance AppraisalPEST AnalysisIt is very important that an organisation run acrosss its environment before beginning the marketing and decision be after motion. In fact, environmental analysis should be continuous and feed all aspects of planning.The SWOT analysis shows a lot of weaknesses in the business, the points that I have mentioned in the SWOT analysis affect the future growth of the business. I think that if you over come the weaknesses that are outlined in the SWOT analysis this will help improve and develop the company significantly because the employee would contri thoe to the full potential and would in any case progress to a good working environment which means less staff turnover. I suggest that you should carry over in growing for the moment and consider better on the weaknesses that I outlined in the SWOT analysis. I suggest that you should consider growing in the future rather than now.I found out thatWeakness are not necessarily indicating bad things of the organization but showing a highroad to a founder future.ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR (1990) Northcraft. G page 437You should consider improving the weaknesses into strengths as this would be beneficial in the future when you should consider to grow (it is not necessary yet) by improving weaknesses the business would function advance and more advantages would be gained such as more share and profit.Perfor mance ManagementIn the report given to me (case study) I see that you have a problem on trace the field based staff. This is a important issue as the staff may or may not be doing what you have told them this would cause all sorts of issues with your company for exercise you may be losing money, valuable resources and date. effect based staff may be backbreaking to manage but there are ways. Staff that work in the office are easier to evaluate on what and how that are doing. When managing or monitor employees you have to be aware of their privacy and not to breach that mutual line as this may inevitably cause conflict in the work place.But When you cant be present to observe employee surgery, be sure that you have the right processes in place through which you can learn near how theyre doing this can be undertaken for field based staff also. These processes should be open, fair, and understood by everyone. Options for obtaining input close performance in your absence seiz ure may overwhelm, but are not limited to, the following* approximate the output and products of the employees work.* Have routine one-on-one meetings with your employee and include discussions of performance.* Every so often review and discuss with your employee the standards of performance for his or her business organization and your expectations.* Ask your employee to do periodic reports and share them with you for discussion.* Obtain feedback from customers in authorship when potential.* Do brief hold out check-ins or phone calls to field based staff as closely as office based staff.* Ask an appropriate person who is present day-to-day to serve as a work leader or give the person authority to act in your stead, and take in that everyone understands the persons role.* Perform routine spot checks of the employee at work.* Ask for confidential evaluations of employee performance by peers (or direct reports of supervisors). This process should be clearly understood by every one and applied fairly to all.Performance Appraisal Systems and MotivationPerformance appraisal systems are designed to serve the companys and employees interests. They are used to inventory the abilities and resources of employees and to let an employee make out where he stands so that he will be stimulated to improve his performance.Employee motif can be raise and performance improved with the observe of employees performance level and the use of feedback to advise those employees about their effectiveness. Performance feedback exchanges can be ongoing and informal, on a day-to-day coaching basis or on a formal basis, yearbookly.I found this statement..Employers want to be sure their employees are doing a good job, but employees dont want their every sneeze or there trip to the toilet loggedManaging People second edition Tomson. RI think that employee monitor is acceptable to a reasonable level but should nod be exceeded. I used to work at KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) and the manager was constantly monitoring me and former(a) staff that work there. I can understand this as people in opposite restaurants have tampered with food for example a Mc Donalds restaurant in USA Mississippi erst was shut down because of food tampering. So to some degree a lot of monitoring of necessity to be undertaken. But I think you should use some of the procedures I have given for example I would recommend these* Perform routine spot checks of the employee at work.* Obtain feedback from customers in writing when possible some sort of feed back sheet of possibly a questionnaire* Do brief stand-up check-ins or phone calls to field based staff* Ask your employee to do periodic reports and share them with you for discussion.MotivationStaff motivation is the one of the around significant factors in managing people. No one way is better than some other for motivating employees, but it is essential that leaders are aware of their staff motivation style and are able to adapt f or different circumstances. approximately circumstances will call for a strong direction to inspire staff motivation other circumstances will call for staff motivation to be influenced by a more advice-giving approach.The necessary cleverness is in knowing what motivates people and real the call for of individuals and groups at a given snip. Staff motivation in regard to reward and learning means taking account of and balancing the unavoidably of the organisation and its objectives as come up as the deficiencys of the people expected to achieve those objectives.One of the worlds most successful Software and Hardware entrepreneurs statedWhen we attain a desirable workplace and find good ways to have work/life balance, well attract and well retain the best people and thats our competitive advantage.Lewis Platt, CEO, Hewlett-Packard(1001 Ways to Reward Employees 2000)Source www.nelson-motivation.com/hpackard/chief operating officerHear is an example of a motivational theoryD ouglas McGregor, was a American social psychologist, he proposed his historied X-Y theory in his 1960 book The Human Side of Enterprise . guess X and theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation. Mc Gregors X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. McGregors XY Theory remains aboriginal to organisational phylogenesis, and to improving organisational culture.McGregors Theory X and Theory YTHEORY XTHEORY Y1. Workers mustiness be supervised as closely as possible, either through direct oversight or by tight reward and/or punishment systems.1. People usually do not exact close supervision and will, if given a chance to control their own activities, be productive, satisfied, and fulfilled.2. Work is objectionable to most people.2. Work is natural and enjoyable unless it is made offensive by the fulfils of organisations.3. Most people have little initiative, have little capacity f or being creative or solving organisational problems, do not want to have responsibilities, and prefer being directed by someone else.3. People are ambitious, commit autonomy and self-control, and can use their abilities to solve problems and help their organisations meet their goals. Creativity is distributed normally across the population, mediocre as is any other characteristic.4. People are motivated by economic factors and a need for security.4. People are motivated by a variety of needs only some of which take away economics or security.Figure Obtained fromMANAGING PEOPLER. Tompson, 2nd Ed, sedan Institute of ManagementI think that employee motivation in regard to reward and recognition means taking account of and balancing the needs of the organisation and its objectives as well as the needs of the people expected to achieve those objectives. I think that motivation should also have been included in the SWOT analysis.I think you should also consider how you can motivate s taff you could use the web site I have given preceding(prenominal) for more information. The more you motivate staff the better they will work, this will also help with the monitoring of employees. You should also consider looking at the various patterns used by managers to encourage motivation in the work place, for a good example see Appendix 3.RewardsThere are a careen amount of reward types and schemes, you just have to make sure you have the right ones chosen for your business because performance of staff is the key to the success of any organisation. One of the main rewards that I think is relevant for your business is PRP (Performance Related Pay)One of the key contributors to effective performance is a well-designed performance management process. such(prenominal) a process should in merged objective setting, the day-to-day management of performance, the review or appraisal of performance, and recognise performance. Your employees are your most important asset, they are t he people who shape and form the companys future. Rewarding staff can develop healthy in-house competition betwixt individuals, teams or even de set forthments.Another major factor in rewards are employment proceeds packages. Reward and incentive programs are a popular part of employee benefit packages. Many employees value such offerings as flexible scheduling, tuition assistance, and child care in order to satisfy personal needs and professional development. I think that you too should consider re blueprint your employment package.Nowadays society, it is becoming more and more common to support these reward systems with the overall business strategy of an organisation in order to satisfy business needs and to improve shareholder value. In addition, many organisations are developing or restructuring their rewards programs based on employee performance. This trend is likely to continue as costs continue to increase and competition continues to thrive in a highly unpredictable eco nomy.Some other useful reward types that can be used are as followsSocial RewardsWhich include praise, employee recognition, and social acceptance within the business.Psychic rewardsWhich include self esteem, job satisfaction, and feelings of accomplishments You could also give piece-rate pay, commissions, virtue pay and bonuses.When I was talking about the business and how it will grow in Conclusion of Growth in the prototypical part I think that in order for the business to grow you need the best employees you can get. So you would need to have the reward schemes that the employees are looking for. I the way you are rewarding employees at the moment is not working in fact I know it is not working I think you should use the PRP (Performance Related Pay) method, and also consider giving annual bonuses.Also if you give PRP (Performance Related Pay) you will sort out the problem you have with the monitoring of Field based staff as they too will be attracting more customers for the bu siness. You should also give bonuses if the company is making a stable profit as this would encourage more work to be completed.Employee Turnover/RetentionOne of the most difficult problems companies had to cope with in the change magnitudely volatile business humor of the 1990s was the high rate of employee turnover. When employees, particularly long-term employees leave a company that has made a substantial investment in them, they take with them training, skills, experience, and productivity. Output is inevitably diminished during the training process of young employees, no matter how qualified. additionally, a high level of workplace turnover rends the types of social bonds that encourage other employees come to work and maintain their normal levels of productivity...In todays workplace, employers are not only having a hard time attracting employees, but are also having a difficult time keeping them..(Harkins, 1998)I found out that employees leave for a variety of reasons, in cluding poor supervision, unchallenging positions, limited advancement opportunities, lack of recognition, limited control over work, perceived pay inequity, and the perception of more favorable opportunities in other companies.Measuring AbsenceObtained fromMANAGING pitying RESOURCESJ. Weightman, 2nd Ed, (1996), Pub Cromwell advocateThis overall figure, however, leaves many questions unanswered. For example, is the absence rate a reflection of a few employees suffering from long-term ill-health or are a substantial number of employees being regularly absent for relatively short spells? A more in depth way to monitor absence and computer memory is give in Appendix 1.Hear I found some of the ways in which to help with retention* Align your employees with company goals and visions* Establish department goals and standards* Set employee goals and performance measurements* Conduct performance reviews that test the established goals* Train managers to effectively coach their staff* Id entify barriers find strengths to build upon* impound key performance gaps and craft a plan to improve performance* Define the relationship between job satisfaction, goal alignment and individual performance growthI suggest that you should consider some of the points above in order to combat turnover/retention. You should regularly try to monitor staff absence. try on to make the rate as nearer to 8.5 % as possible if it goes over this may be exact to the business. You should have a maximum number of days for employees to comply by, for example I work as Safeway Petrol station in the Penn, employees there are only allocated 50 hours off of work (excluding honk or acceptable absence). You should check out Appendix 1 in how to measure turnover and retention in your organisation. preparation and DevelopmentThere are a number of advantages to training and development and this is another point that was added in the SWOT analysis that needed to be improved in order for the business t o function properly and effectively.Training has become the most important feature of a successful organisation. Training is necessary because it improves profitability and/ or more positive attitudes towards profit orientation. Enhances the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organisation. The work force gets a high morale. Due to proper training employees can identify with organisational goals, corporate image gets improved. Training fosters realism, openness and trust. A boss an the subordinates get to work in a better environment and relationship.Some typical reasons for employee training and development can be initiated for a variety of reasons for an employee or group of employees, for example* When a performance appraisal indicates performance improvement is needed* To benchmark the berth of improvement so far in a performance improvement effort* As part of an overall professional development program* As part of succession planning to help an employee be eligible f or a planned change in role in the organisation* To pilot, or test, the performance of a new performance management system* To train about a specific acmeicI found out some key topics for employee Training and Development they are as follows* Communication- The increasing diversity of todays manpower brings a wide variety of languages and customs.* Computer skills- Computer skills are becoming a requirement for conducting administrative and office tasks.* Customer service- increase competition in todays global marketplace makes it precise that employees understand and meet the needs of customers.* Diversity- Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views, and includes techniques to value diversity* Ethics- Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility. Also, todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace.By giving the appropriate training and developme nt you can gain a lot of advantages. The general benefits from Employee Training and Development are* Increased job satisfaction and morale among employees* Increased employee motivation* Increased efficiencies in processes, resulting in financial gain* Increased capacity to adopt new technologies and methods* Increased innovation in strategies and products* Reduced employee turnover* Enhanced company image, e.g., conducting ethics training (not a good reason for ethics training)* Risk management, e.g., training about sexual harassment, diversity trainingI think that training aids in developing leading skill, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes and other aspects that successful workers and managers usually display which we discussed earlier in the report. The quality of work is also increased and so is the productivity. Its cost effective as well, it cuts costs in different areas e.g. production, personnel, administration etc. it develops a sense of responsibility to the organis ation for being capable and knowledgeable. Labor management is also improved, as workers instead of feeling ignored, feel taken care of which develops a sense of loyaltyCommunication effectual chat skills are vital for success in a business environment with most business people being engaged in some form of chat activity most of the time reading, listening, writing or talking. Business communication is, however, different from educational or literary writing and sermon it requires precision, clarity and efficiency since business people just do not have the time to tone an idea or an expression.Moreover, unethical behavior in the workplaces arising from the lack of ethical communication by the top management to the first-line supervisors proves the fact that employees are either directly or indirectly rewarded for unethical acts or gratingly abandoned for going against the norm of practicing corruption(Zimmerman Jansen and Von Glinow, 2001, p. 119).As explained in this school t ext that I researched into, Jansen and Von Glinow through their in-depth study that encouraging counter norms in an organisation is also a form of promoting corrupt standards in a company in order to save the firms name or to avoid charges by this means reflecting the diminish ethical communication in organisations.There are many factors that help establish an organisations ability and skill in maintaining the stability and organisation among its employees/members. One of these factors includes attaining an organisational communication process through effective communication skills. The most prominent forms used by most organisations are the development of verbal and non-verbal communication since these are the most obvious ways of communication that provide a dialogue for employees and the management in an organisation. However, what is not established by both the employees and management is that listening is one important communication aspect that precedes verbal and non-verbal communication.I think that in order to attain effective communication verbally or non-verbally, communicators must first learn to listen in order to assess carefully the issues at hand and the required action that must be taken. If you have a look at Appendix 2 it shows you different types of communication processes. I would recommend that you try to focus on the complete network as this would make communications in your business better.Overall Report Conclusion and my RecommendationsI think overall this is what we should be doing in order to maintain and run a successful business* Growth- we should not be growing just yet as there are to many problems as indicated in the SWOT analysis. We should be improving on the weaknesses and consider to grow and expand in the future.* Performance Management- monitoring needs to be undertaken but only to some degree that is acceptable by you and the employees. But I think you should use some of the procedures that I have indicated in this previ ous section (please refer to Conclusion for Performance Management).* Performance Appraisal Systems and Motivation- Performance appraisal systems are designed to serve the companys and employees interests.* Motivation- You have to consider Douglas McGregor Theory X and Theory Y. to offer the best motivation go through the chart that I have drawn and consider what you can do to have a successful motivated staff. Look at Appendix 3 for patterns of managerial approaches to motivation.* Rewards- if you offer better rewards and better benefit packages then Turnover/Retention will be low, and employees will work more and contribute their highest potential.* Employee Turnover/Retention- you need to make sure that you monitor employees disorder and absenteeism and make sure it dose not go over 8% Check Appendix 1.* Training and Development- if you train and develop employees better the function of your business will be better, you should try to encourage more employees to gain different sk ills and knowledge. You should also try to offer recognised qualifications.* Communication- look at Appendix 2 I recommend that you try to bring in the process of complete network communication. There are numerous factors that help conclude an organisations ability and skill in maintaining the stability and organisation among its employees/members, one of these factors includes attaining an organisational communication process through effective communication skills.ReferencesI recommend that you look at the following text as this will help you improve on the factors mentioned in this report and also help you with difficult decisions about your business.I recommend looking at this textORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR INDVIDUALS, GROUPS AND THE ORGANISATIONI. Brooks (1999) world-class Ed, Pub Financial TimesHUMAN RESOURCE STRATAGIESSalman, (1998) Pub The Open UniversityMANAGING PEOPLER. Tompson, 2nd Ed, Pub Institute of ManagementORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR A heed CHALLENGEG.B.Northcroft M.A. Neale (1990), Pub Ronda ColourPERSONNEL MANAGEMENTGA Cole, 4th Ed (1997), Pub Ashford Colour PressMANAGING HUMAN RESOURCESJ. Weightman, 2nd Ed, (1996), Pub Cromwell PressThe following Web-Sites are useful alsowww.bized.comwww.hrmang.co.ukwww.humanrecourses.co.uk/text/hrissueswww.resourcemanage.co.uk

Turner And Mozart Essay Example for Free

food turner And Mozart EssayMozarts Symphony No. 40 is a very expressive piece exploring a wide range of emotions in four movements. The string playing in the first movement is lousiness but brisk evoking anxiety and uneasiness on the part of the listener. The slow second movement is melodious and is my favorite in the entire symphony. The pattern of viola leading the violins in a series of imitating notes makes for a playful movement. The minuetto-trio of the third movement, meanwhile, is irregular and a departure from the usual minuet. It is more dramatic instead of danceable. want the preceding movements, the final movement is dominated by the strings and repeats the mood of the first. The entire symphony is as pleasing as other Mozart symphony, with so much going on with the piece that it demands careful audition for appreciation to occur.The video on British painter Joseph Turner shows the viewer why the man is considered as the artist who made landscape painting as hig h an art as the historical or portrait paintings of older master. His impressionistic paintings use silvery, splashy, yet atmospheric colors projecting strong moods that, in turn, elicit strong reactions and tinctureings on the part of the viewer. This is most evident in the paintings of the Grand Canal and The buckle down Ship. The Grand Canals bright sky reflected on the buildings and the water make the city demeanor alive and busy, making Venice almost magical and romantic at the same time.The same profuse punk from the sky affecting the overall mood of the piece is also applied in The Slave Ship. The bright red strokes to depict the sky create the impression of violence and anger which are also the piece of music of the painting. Although we cannot see the ship clearly and the overthrown slaves are like shadows on the foreground of the painting, one can feel the drama of what is happening just by looking at the angry colors. The video was truly an kindle and informative i ntroduction to people who are not familiar with Turner and his art.

Culturally Resposive Teaching Essay Example for Free

ethnicly Resposive Teaching EssayIn this essay I forget employ the presumptuousness scenario to analyse and critique the hearing practice it outlines, selective service on the learning theories and themes outlined in the schoolmaster Practice paper to explain and validate my ideas and thinking. I ordain consider the antennaes in the scenario and offer alternatives, justifying my tactile sensations with character reference to theory, literature and my own emerging philosophy. Throughout my essay I w wan give amity to the use of ethnically antiphonary and inclusive pedagogy, demonstrating an understanding of the role conformity of Waitangi within this practice. Throughout the scenario the theory of behaviouristic psychology is reflected in the instructors practice. Behaviourism sees learning as the establishing of connections between two events, and theorists view environmental factors as important to behaviour. This sort of associative learning is called amicable classical conditioning (Papalia, Olds Feldman, 2009).This theory is reflected in the instructors classroom instruction practice when the students all mint outside to begin their day with a jump-jam session flat after the bell rings, with no verbal instruction given by the teacher. It is also translucent when they move back into class and sit and wait for the teacher, again with no verbal instruction issued. A nonher law meet of behaviourism theory is fork outn when the teacher uses reinforcement and punishment, known, as operant conditioning when she comments on Mark and Cathys jump jam prowess as a form of motivation. Behaviourism theory is also probable(a) when the teacher is issuing instructions and displaying the timetable on the whiteboard as the directions be teacher lead. inwardly the realms of classroom management the strengths of behaviourism are obvious the children know the sequence of events and give the sack move from one activity to the adjacent with lit tle disruption and classroom management is, as described by Wong, Wong, Rogers Brooks (2012), a restrain of procedures that structure the classroom so the students know what to do, how to do it, and when to do it (p. 61).This could, I debate be abash for new or diverse students and to act in a more culturally antiphonary mien I would advocate a pictorial display to aid understanding (Davis, 2012). I feel whilst development the reward/punishment technique during the jump jam may have motivated Cathy, who received imperious reinforcement, the negative comments issued by the teacher certainly demotivated Mark. This criticism clearly affect Marks self-efficacy and as a result his motivation was lessened (Le Francois, 2000).I would have been inclined to direct my motivational techniques towards the class as a whole and perhaps let Mark and Cathy motivate the class by allowing them to distinguish joint responsibility for the running of the Jump Jam programme for that day (Hill Ha wke, 2000), using the constructivism theory, this, I believe would have been more motivate as the learner is actually involved in the learning process. I also believe the teacher missed an opportunity to incorporate the Mori learning theory of Ako, interchangeable learning. Instead of leading the Jump Jam herself she could have facilitated this by allowing Cathy and Mark to lead the session (Bishop, 2008).The humanist progress to learning is also evident in many areas of the teachers practice presented in the scenario. The Humanist court to learning focuses on the childs whole self, looking after the social and emotional ask of the learner as well as their cognitive abilities. For example childrens basic needs of sanctuary, shelter, food, rage and respect must be met onward their academic needs can be addressed (Krause, et al, 2012). During the scenario the teacher is chatting to the students before school, in doing this she is showing she is interested in them as hoi poll oi thus creating a confirming relationship between herself and her learners. This relationship, the humanist theory suggests, will motivate her students and is the key to effective education (Krause, et al, 2012, p. 233). Within the theme of classroom management the humanist theory is apply as the teacher allows the students to discuss the roles and responsibilities and the tasks that will need to be outlined to make camping ground go smoothly.She is inviting the students to be part of the process and fetching a non-directive role, listening to the students ideas and involving them in the learning process, and in turn boosting their self-esteem. I believe that the teacher applied the humanist theory to her classroom management skills when she used the rhetorical question to redirect Clark. However, in my opinion this would have been an ideal opportunity to allow the Mori boys to have a voice and encourage them to tract their knowledge and learning style with the class, regardin g the cooking of eels, showing respect for their culture (Le Francois, 2000). She would also have shown cultural responsiveness and demonstrated her understanding of the Treaty principle of partnerships as outlined by the Ministry of Education (2012). In critique, I also feel that the teacher could have used the humanist approach in her classroom management skills to ensure that the Somali girls have a better understanding of what a recreational camp entails.The girls emotional needs have not been met as they clearly have no understanding of what a invigorated Zealand school camp is interchangeable thus are frightened and unsure so they are not engaged in the pre-camp tasks (Le Francois, 2000). Personally, I would have do sure I knew about the girls backgrounds before they came to school. This would have enabled me to develop a supportive relationship, perhaps freehanded the girls the confidence to approach me with their concerns and allowed me to alleviate their fears concerni ng camp. The social constructivist learning theory is defined as being learner centred with the learner actively involved in the process and underpinned by social interaction. Different learners will learn in different ways to suit their individual needs. Language is also an important aspect of this theory, as it is through language that the learner will construct their new ideas (Krause et al., 2000).In the scenario the teacher uses the social constructivist approach to classroom management when she invites the children to brainstorm the safety rules for the cookout. In allowing them to co-construct the rules by discussion and social interaction she is actively encouraging the use of a collaborative approach. In using this approach the teacher is allowing the students to brainstorm for prior knowledge (Cobb, Forbes Lee, 2012). This theory is also evident in the teachers instructions for the camp diaries as she allows the students time to reflect on what they would like to allow i n in their journals and also how they would like to present them. In encouraging the use of pictures and diagrams she has allowed those who may not be able to contribute by writing an opportunity to contribute. This is an example of learning for all (Barker, 2008) and is facilitated by the teacher in incorporating the diverse learning styles of her students (p. 31).This approach shows that she has an understanding of the participation principle outlined in the Treaty of Waitangi, which states that all students be given equal opportunity to contribute (M.O.E, 2012). Social constructivism is also ap reboot during pair and group activities where the students are participating in peer assisted learning and assessment when testing each other on their vocabulary. The teacher further applies this theory when she collaborates with the students by calling them to her desk and scaffolding their learning. This approach gives students self-governance over their learning and can be beneficial a s it allows students to choose a style that suits their especial(a) needs. However, in the scenario it was apparent that some students were off task and I feel that the students may have benefited from a more humanist approach to classroom management and would have moved around the classroom and offered stand by and looking to scaffold students where necessary.Cultural responsiveness is evident at various mensess throughout the scenario and the teacher demonstrates this when she attempts to include all cultural groups in the camp concert. I would critique this by pointing out that, although this may show she is culturally aware, it does not imply that she has any cultural understanding as the Somali girls are ill informed about the concept of camp and can only draw on their own endure of what a camp means to them. When the Somali girls displayed concern for what camp meant a suggestion would be for the teacher to facilitate sharing of prior knowledge and understandings early on in the lesson. This would have potentially allowed for the Somali girls fears and concerns to be alleviated , thus addressing their emotional needs and allowing them to move on with their learning. Doing so would have aline with a humanistic approach by considering their interconnected needs as a whole person.Cultural responsive pedagogy also requires the teacher to reflect on their practice (Gay, 2000). This practice is observed when the teacher contemplates ringing the Somali girls parents to offer them support and explanations regarding the school camp. If practicing culturally relevant pedagogy the teacher would, Fraser Paraha (2002) point out take the personal concerns of students seriously and examine social issues with them that were drawn on the students cultural positionings (p. 57). Furthermore, I believe a behaviourist approach to classroom management when allowing the girls to research on the computer, perhaps giving them some pre viewed websites to explore, may have e nabled Aaheli to feel that her culture was valued. The outcome in the scenario could well have made her feel ostracised and even made the other girls become culturally biased. Throughout the scenario reference is made to the ethnicity of groups of students who depend to stay in these cultural groups within the classroom.The teacher doesnt appear to interact with the Somali girls at all and the Mori boys only receive a negative response when they show enthusiasm for aspects of camp. Although the students can learn cross-cultural understanding from personal experience I would advocate using the social constructivist approach to cultural responsiveness and model good practice to my students by using inclusive and cultural responsive pedagogy inviting the Mori boys to demonstrate their cooking skills and perhaps going a step further than the teacher in the scenario and actively encouraging the parents of the Somali girls to attend camp meetings (Whyte, 2008). The teacher did, however, collaborate with a parent and invited them in to help with the preparation of the camp concert, promoting the concept of Whanaungatanga (M.O.E, 2011).Furthermore, I believe this pedagogy would encompass the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi as outlined by the M.O.E. (2012) as partnership, protection and participation. This essay has used the scenario and analysed and critiqued the instruct practices it outlines by drawing on the learning theories and themes outlined in the professional practice paper using them to validate ideas and thinking. It has considered the approaches in the scenario and offered alternatives, justifying these opinions with reference to theories, literature an emerging philosophy of my own. Throughout the essay I have given consideration to the use of culturally responsive and inclusive pedagogy and demonstrated an understanding of the Treaty of Waitangi.ReferencesBarker, M. (2008). How do people learn? Understanding the learning process. In C. McGee D. F raser (Eds.), The professional practice of teaching (3rd ed.) (pp. 17-43). Melbourne, Australia Cengage. Bishop, R. (2010). A culturally responsive pedagogy of relations. In C. McGee D. Fraser (Eds.). The professional practice of teaching (3rd ed.) (pp. 154-172). Victoria, Australia Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd. Cobb, D., Forbes, D., Lee, P. (2012). Lecture 1 TEPS222-12C (NET) PowerPoint slides. Hamilton, New Zealand University of Waikato. Davis, B., M. (2012). How to teach students who dont look like you Culturally responsive teaching strategies (2nd Ed.). California, U.S.A Corwin. Fraser, D., Paraha, H. (2002). Curriculum integration as treaty praxis. Waikato Journal of Education, 8, 57-70. Gay, G. (2000) Culturally responsive teaching Theory,research and practice. New York, U.S.A Teachers College Press. Hill, J., Hawk, K. (2000, November). Four conceptual clues to motivating students Learning from practice of effective teachers in low decile, multicultural schools. A pa per presented to the NZARE Conference, Waikato, New Zealand. Krause, K., Bochner, S., Duchesne, S., McMaugh, A. (2010). educational psychology for learning and teaching (3rd Ed.). Melbourne, Australia Cengage Learning Australia Limited. Le Francois, G. (2000). Psychology for teaching (10th Ed.). Calfornia, U.S.A Wadsworth. Ministry of Education. (2011). Ttaiako Cultural competencies for teachers of Mori learners. Wellington, New Zealand Ministry of Education. Ministry of Education. (2012). The New Zealand curriculum update 16. Professional practice and inquiry 2 Strategies for effective teaching, course resource. Hamilton, New Zealand University of Waikato. Online reference TEPS222-12C (NET). Papalia, D., Olds, S., Feldman, R. (2009). Human Development (11th ed.). New York, U.S.A McGraw Hill. Whyte, B. (2010). Culturally diverse classrooms and communities. In C. McGee D. Fraser (Eds.). The professional practice of teaching (3rd ed.) (pp. 173-186). Melbourne, Australia Cengage. Wo ng, H., Wong, R., Rogers, K., Brooks, A. (2012). Managing Your Classroom for Success. Science Children, 49(9), 60-64.

The biases in testing Essay Example for Free

The parti prises in examen EssayMany examples can be given for the biases in examen based on culture. Cultural biases deplete been in examination as long as testing has been around, whether intentional or not. With each passing year, however, it seems that cultural bias is more examined and those who construct the tests are using stricter guidelines to insure that the tests they create are not biased towards one student more than another. For example, in New York City, students were given a question asking, what were ways the British improved the lives of Africans? it was prefaced with a passage from 1922 stating We are endeavoring trying to teach the native races to head their own affairs with justice and humanity, and to educate them alike in letters and in industry. This testing question has a clear cultural bias and shows outright racism according to one parents convocation (Rammohan, 2007). Its ridiculous that questions like this are still showing up in standardized testing at all. Although, imperialism should be taught, it could micturate been presented in a less biased way.Jay Rosner in On albumen Preference from The Nation states another example of bias towards purity students over others, On the October 1998 sit down, for example, every ace on of the 138 questions (sixty math and seventy-eight verbal) favored sinlessnesss over blacks. By favoring snowys, I mean that a higher(prenominal) percentage of white than black students answered correctly every question pre- hidinged and chosen to appear on that SATSAT forms are designed to very strongly correlate with one another. And the pattern Ive identify is a predictable result of the way the tests are constructed.Latino test-takers are similarly affected, faring only a bit better than blacks. Obviously, test takers are being gypped when it comes to standardized testing, and the tests are being biased towards white students. This example of white students performing better on all 138 pr e-screened questions gives the indication that the system that is used to screen questions is in and of itself, biased, and therefore, in need of examination. Rosner goes on to give another example of the biases of test creators.On a pre-testing question where minority students actually performed better than white students, the question was thrown out, an obvious example of bias towards white students. Interestingly enough, Rosners entire reason for looking into the SAT and other standardized testing questions formulated by the ETS, the Educational Testing Service, was due to the fact that white students had filed a suit against the University of sugar because they were allowing black students into the college with a lower SAT score and not accepting white students who whitethorn have a higher score.While it does not show test bias, its an interesting example of how the colleges may be cognizant of testing bias and how they are trying to rectify the discrepancies, i. e. allowing mi nority students who may have a lower SAT score into the college. As stated by Rosner, there is in fact, a twenty percent gap in performance on standardized testing between white students and minority students, displaying bias on the part of the ETS as their company formulates and screens questions before putting them onto the tests (Rosner, 2003).If they were, in fact, unbiased, why did they not allow the question where black students performed better than white? If they had allowed the question, then maybe we could state that they were at least making an effort towards being unbiased regarding test formulation and administration, unfortunately, all actions point to the contrary. As long as those formulating the tests are using biased criteria, our tests will continue to be biased and white students will continue to perform better than minority students.References Rammohan, Yasmin Tara. (9 May 2007). Advocates say standardized tests often neglect cultural bias scrutiny. Medill Repo rts Chicago. Retrieved from http//news. medill. northwestern. edu/chicago/news. aspx? id=35935. Rosner, Jay. (27 March 2003). On white preferences. The Nation. Retrieved from http//www. thenation. com/doc/20030414/rosner.